The Chinese in America - Iris Chang [219]
133 “special tax”: Ruthanne Lum McCunn, p. 51.
133 beating up several Chinese: Ibid.
133 Information about the second Seattle riot: Harper’s Weekly, March 6, 1886; Lorraine Barker Hildebrand, pp. 69-74.
133-34 Information about the Rock Springs massacre and indemnities: Judy Yung, Unbound Feet, p. 21; R. David Arkush and Leo O. Lee, Land without Ghosts, p. 57; Tzu-Kuei Yen, pp. 153-62; Craig Stori, Incident at Bitter Creek: The Story of the Rock Springs Chinese Massacre (Ames: Iowa State University Press, 1991).
134 Chen Lanbing: New York Times, September 10, 1880, as cited in R. David Arkush and Leo O. Lee, p. 59; Kim Man Chan, “Mandarins in America: the Early Chinese Ministers to the United States, 1878-1907,” Ph.D. dissertation, University of Hawaii, 1981, p. 127.
134-35 Information on Snake River Massacre: David H. Stratton, “The Snake River Massacre of Chinese Miners, 1887,” in Duane A. Smith, ed., A Taste of the West: Essays in Honor of Robert Athearn, p. 124, as cited in Roger Daniels, Asian America, p. 64.
135 Scott Act: Cheng-Tsu Wu, ed., “Chink!,” pp. 82-85.
135 Twenty thousand Chinese: Huping Ling, Surviving on the Gold Mountain, p. 2; Betty Lee Sung, The Story of the Chinese in America, p. 54; Cheng-Tsu Wu, ed., “Chink!,” p. 16.
135 State Department ... ignored him: Betty Lee Sung, p. 54.
136 “unwise, impolitic, and injurious”: Roger Daniels, Asian America, p. 57.
136 “it could not be alleged”: Ibid.
136 “considers the presence of foreigners”: Washington Post, June 19, 1999.
136 “residing apart by themselves”: Ibid.
136 “strangers in the land”: Ibid.
136 Geary Act: Victor Low, The Unimpressible Race: A Century of Educational Struggle by the Chinese in San Francisco (San Francisco: East/West Publishing Company, 1982), p. 75; Betty Lee Sung, p. 55; Cheng-Tsu Wu, p. 16; Jack Chen, The Chinese of America, p. 162.
136 A Chinese consul urged his countrymen not to register: Betty Lee Sung, p. 55; Erika Lee, “Enforcing and Challenging Exclusion in San Francisco: U.S. Immigration Officials and Chinese Immigrants, 1882-1905,” Chinese America: History and Perspectives 1997 (Brisbane, Calif.: Chinese Historical Society of America, 1997), p. 9.
137 Fong Yue Ting v. United States: Sucheng Chan, Asian Americans, pp. 91-92.
137 Lem Moon Sing v. United States: Ibid., pp. 91-92.
137 “almost next to impossible to prove the birth”: Erika Lee, p. 7.
137 Wong Kim Ark: Charles Park, “American by Birth: One Hundred Years Ago, a Chinese American Man Won the Right for All American Born People to Claim U.S. Citizenship,” A magazine, March 31, 1998.
138 “acts of Congress or treaties have not permitted”: Ibid.
139 Information on the burning of Honolulu Chinatown: Sucheng Chan, p. 57; L. Eve Armentrout, “Conflict and Contact Between the Chinese and Indigenous Communities in San Francisco, 1900-1911,” The Life, Influence, and the Role of the Chinese in the United States, 1776-1960. Proceedings, papers of the national conference held at the University of San Francisco, July 10, 11, 12, 1975, sponsored by the Chinese Historical Society of America (San Francisco: The Chinese Historical Society of America, 1976), pp. 56-57.
139 Wong Wai: Wong Wai v. Williamson (1900).
140 Information on the attempt to destroy San Francisco Chinatown: Sucheng Chan, p. 57; L. Eve Armentrout in The Life, Influence, and the Role of the Chinese in the United States, 1776-1960, pp. 57-59.
140 “We helped build your railroads”: Petition to President Wilson of the United States, June 1914. File 53620/115 A, Entry 9, Box 229, Record Group 85, National Archives, Washington, D.C.
141 “reduced to the status of dogs in America”: Silas K. C. Geneson, “Cry Not in Vain: The Boycott of 1905,” Chinese America: History and Perspectives 1997 (Brisbane, Calif.: Chinese Historical Society, 1997), p. 30; editorial, “The U.S. Government to Extend the Exclusion Agreement, Part 6,” Chung Sai Yat Po, April 2, 1904.
141 United States v. Ju Toy: Silas K. C. Geneson, p. 29.
141 “final and conclusive