The Chinese in America - Iris Chang [222]
155 as much as $100,000 a year: San Francisco Examiner news clip, October 1917. File 54184/138B, Box 259, Entry 9, Record Group 85, National Archives, Washington, D.C.; Valerie Natale, ”Angel Island ’Guardian of the Western Gate,’” Prologue: Quarterly of the National Archives Record Administration 30:2 (Summer 1998).
155 charging $1,400: Valerie Natale, “Angel Island ‘Guardian of the Western Gate.’”
155 Description of the extent of Immigration Service corruption: Letter, John Densmore to the Secretary of Labor, May 1, 1919. File 54184/138-B, Box 259, Entry 9, Record Group 85, National Archives, Washington, D.C; Valerie Natale, “Angel Island ‘Guardian of the Western Gate.’”
155 discharge of some forty people: Letter, John Densmore to Alfred Hampton, Assistant Commissioner-General of Immigration, May 14, 1917, National Archives. Also, research of Bob Barde, academic coordinator of the Institute of Business and Economic Research, University of California, Berkeley, provided to author.
156 “May 27 10:20 p.m. Chink called McCall”: Page 16, “Copy of Complete Telephone Conversations; May 23, 1917 to July 4, 1917. Inclusive.” File 54184/138B, Box 259, Entry 9, Record Group 85, National Archives, Washington, D.C.
156 Chen Ke: Renqiu Yu, p. 23.
156 “Whenever my mother would mention it”: Donald Dale Jackson, “Behave Like Your Actions Reflect on All Chinese,” Smithsonian, February 1991.
Chapter Ten. Work and Survival in the Early Twentieth Century
158 Biographical details on Kang Youwei, Liang Qichao, and Sun Yat-sen: See Eugene Anschel, Homer Lea, Sun Yat-sen and the Chinese Revolution (New York: Praeger, 1984); Michael Gasster, Chinese Intellectuals and the Revolution of 1911: The Birth of Modern Radicalism (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1969); Jane Leung Larson, “New Source Materials on Kang Youwei and the Baohuanghui: The Tan Zhangxiao (Tom Leung) Collection of Letters and Documents at UCLA’s East Asian Library,” Chinese America: History and Perspectives 1993; Jung-Pang Lo, ed., K’ang Yu-wei: A Biography and a Symposium (Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1967); L. Eve Armentrout Ma, Revolutionaries, Monarchists and Chinatowns: Chinese Politics in the Americas and the 1911 Revolution (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1990); Franklin Ng, “The Western Military Academy in Fresno,” Origins & Destinations: 41 Essays on Chinese America; Young-tsu Wong, “Revisionism Reconsidered: Kang Youwei and the Reform Movement of 1898,” Journal of Asian Studies, August 1992; Robert Worden, “A Chinese Reformer in Exile: The North American Phase of the Travels of K‘ang Yu-wei, 1899-1909,” Ph.D. dissertation, Georgetown University, 1971.
161 1913 Alien Land Act: Sandy Lydon, Chinese Gold, pp. 408-11.
162 “The whites treated us Chinese like slavesc;”: Jeff Gillenkirk and James Motlow, Bitter Melon: Inside America’s Last Rural Chinese Town (Seattle : University of Washington Press, 1987) p. 89.
162 Lum Yip Kee: Lynn Pan, Sons of the Yellow Emperor, p. 73.
162 Chun Afong: Ibid., p. 73.
162 Thomas Foon Chew: J. C. Wright, ”Thomas Foon Chew: Founder of Bayside Cannery, in Gloria Sun Hom, ed., Chinese Argonauts: An Anthology of the Chinese Contributions to the Historical Development of Santa Clara County (San Jose, Calif.: Foothill Community College, 1971), pp. 20-41; Thomas W. Chinn, Bridging the Pacific: San Francisco Chinatown and Its People (San Francisco: Chinese Historical Society of America, 1989), pp. 105-7; Eric A. Carlson, ”Fortunes in Alviso,” Metro, April 12-18, 2001, p. 15.
162 Chin Lung: Ruthanne Lum McCunn, Chinese American Portraits: Personal Histories 1828-1988 (San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 1988), pp. 89-97. For more details on his life, see Sucheng Chan, This Bittersweet Soil: The Chinese in California Agriculture, 1860-1910 (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1986), pp. 206-12.
163 roughly a quarter of all Chinese workers: Out of 45,614 Chinese, 11,438 worked in restaurants. Asians in America: