The Chinese in America - Iris Chang [231]
240 10,000 billion Chinese dollars: Tiejun Zhang, Chu Ran Meng Jue Lu, vol. 2 (Taipei, Taiwan: Xue Yuan Publishers, 1974), p. 211.
240 factor of 85,000: Leslie Chang, Beyond the Narrow Gate: The Journey of Four Chinese Women from the Middle Kingdom to Middle America (New York: Dutton, 1999), pp. 18-19.
240 63 million yuan: Leslie Chang, p. 19.
240 ”eight hundred cases of notes”: Stella Dong, Shanghai, 1842-1949 (New York: William Morrow, 2000), p. 282.
241 Houston businessman: L. Ling-chi Wang, ”Politics of Assimilation and Repression,” p. 306.
241 scarcely enough to buy a postage stamp: Ibid., p. 307. During this era, my maternal grandfather had received an advance from the Nationalist government to write a book for the political department of the Chinese air force. By the time he finished writing the book and withdrew the money from the bank, the advance was worth less than the price of a shirt. (Tiejun Zhang, p. 212.)
241 1.5 million troops: J. A. G. Roberts, A Concise History of China, p. 250.
243 five thousand foreign Chinese intellectuals marooned: Peter Kwong, The New Chinatown, p. 59; Ronald Takaki, Strangers from a Different Shore, p. 417; Kitano and Daniels, Asian Americans, p. 42; Ting Ni, ”Cultural Journey: Experience of Chinese Students of the 1930s and the 1940s,” Ph.D. dissertation in history, Indiana University, April 1996, p. 142.
243 4,675: Ting Ni, p. 81.
243 ”We joked about getting gold-plated”: Author interview with Linda Tsao Yang.
244 ”We came to a fork in our lives”: Ibid.
244 more than 2,500 Chinese students lacked basic funds: Time, February 28, 1949.
245 more than $8 million: The Committee on Educational Interchange Policy, Chinese Students in the United States, 1948-1955 (New York, 1956), as cited in Ting Ni, pp. 24, 94.
245 ”Guomingdang-hired goon squad”: L. Ling-chi Wang, p. 394.
246 ”Communist bandits”: Ibid.
246 ”understanding” between the races: Gloria Heyung Chun, p. 84.
248 bugged the headquarters of the Chinese Hand Laundry Alliance: Renqiu Yu, p. 191.
249 white mob tore apart a Chinatown restaurant: L. Ling-chi Wang, p. 333.
249-50 subpoenaed several staff members of the China Daily News: Renqiu Yu, To Save China, to Save Ourselves, p. 187.
250 Information on Eugene Moy: Renqiu Yu, p. 188; Andrew Hsiao, ”100 Years of Hell-Raising,” Village Voice, June 23, 1998; L. Ling-chi Wang, pp. 439, 443; Him Mark Lai, ”China and the Chinese Community: The Political Dimension,” Chinese America: History and Perspectives 1999, p. 11.
250 interrogated Tan Yumin: Renqiu Yu, p. 191.
250 ”The FBI guy shouted back”: Ibid., p. 187.
250 ”fantastic system”: Kitano and Daniels, Asian Americans, p. 43.
251 ”destroy that system”: L. Ling-chi Wang, p. 425.
251 J. Edgar Hoover: L. Ling-chi Wang, p. 406; Roger Daniels, Asian America, p. 305.
251 ”Only once before in modern times”: L. Ling-chi Wang, p. 423.
251 ” ‘criminal conspiracy’ ”: Report from Drumwright on visa fraud. File 122.4732/12-955, Location 250/1/05/05, Box 720, Record Group 59, National Archives, Washington, D.C; L. Ling-chi Wang, pp. 422, 423. Wang provides an excellent summary of Drumwright’s charges.
251 ”Chinatown was hit like an A-bomb fell”: Ibid., p. 418.
252 ”mass inquisition”: Ibid., p. 422. It should be noted that during the Korean War, the Chinese American community lived under the threat of mass incarceration. In 1952, the federal government allocated $775,000 to establish six internment camps, in the states of California, Arizona, Pennsylvania, Oklahoma, and Florida. (L. Ling-chi Wang, p. 368.)
252 ten thousand Chinese confessed: Ronald Takaki, p. 416.
253 some 120 Chinese intellectuals were detained: Yelong Han, ”An Untold Story: American Policy Towards Chinese Students in the United States,” The Journal of American-East Asian Relations, Spring 1993. As cited in Ting Ni, p. 25.
253 Biographical details on Tsien Hsue-shen: Iris Chang, Thread of the Silkworm (New York: Basic Books, 1995).
256 ”That this government permitted this genius”: ”Made in