The Chinese in America - Iris Chang [233]
267 ”Your father has to work a long time”: M. Elaine Mar, Paper Daughter (New York: HarperCollins, 1999), p. 98.
267 ”We each slept on a small piece of plywood”: Grace Pung Guthrie, A School Divided, p. 71.
268 greatest tuberculosis rate in the country: Victor G. and Brett de Bary Nee, p. xxv; L. Ling-chi Wang, p. 509.
268 highest suicide rate: Victor G. and Brett de Bary Nee, pp. xxv, 260.
268 labor in sweatshops for at least eight to ten hours a day: Victor Low, The Unimpressible Race, p. 143.
268 ”They work half the night”: Ibid., p. 144.
268 ”It began with the newcomers getting hassled”: Bill Lee, Chinese Playground: A Memoir (San Francisco: Rhapsody Press, p. 1999), pp. 64-65.
269 ”It was payback time”: Ibid., p. 5.
269 Dressed in black from head to toe: Stanford Lyman, Chinese Americans, p. 163; Bill Lee, Chinese Playground, p. 128.
269 ”delinquency was too clinical a word”: Ben Fong-Torres, The Rice Room, p. 193. The worst outbreak of gang violence occurred on September 4, 1977, when three masked men armed with shotguns and automatic weapons burst into the Golden Dragon restaurant in San Francisco Chinatown and fired randomly on customers, killing five people and wounding eleven.
269 asked for a community clubhouse: Chiou-Ling Yeh, ”Contesting Identities: Youth Rebellion in San Francisco’s Chinese New Year Festival, 1953-1967,” in Susie Lan Cassel, ed., The Chinese in America: A History from Gold Mountain to the New Millennium, p. 336.
270 ”They have not shown that they are sorry”: EastlWest, March 13, 1968, as cited in Chiou-Ling Yeh, ”Contesting Identities,” p. 336.
270 ”Some of these kids are talking about getting guns and rioting”: Ibid., p. 337.
270 Inter-Collegiate Chinese for Social Action: Ibid.
270 Concerned Chinese for Action and Change: Ibid., p. 338; L. Ling-chi Wang, p. 576; Nick Harvey, ed., Ting: The Caldron, p. 101.
270 ”I knew to expect stories about China”: Ben Fong-Torres, p. 59.
271 ”I was nine years old when the letters made my parents, who are rocks, cry”: Maxine Hong Kingston, The Woman Warrior. Memoirs of a Girlhood Among Ghosts (New York: Alfred Knopf, 1976; Vintage international edition, 1989), p. 50.
271 ”The aunts in Hong Kong”: Ibid., p. 50.
272 ”PIG INFORMERS DIE YOUNG”: Ben Fong-Torres, p. 209.
273 ”It seems obvious”: Supreme Court opinion, delivered by Justice Douglas. Lau v. Nichols, No. 72-6530, Supreme Court of the United States, 414 U.S. 56, Argued December 10, 1973, Decided January 21, 1974.
273 Third World Liberation Front: Nick Harvey, ed., Ting: The Caldron, p. 103; William Wei, The Asian American Movement (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1993).
274 Red Guard Party: Nick Harvey, ed., Ting: The Caldron, p. 103; Stanford Lyman, Chinese Americans, p. 165.
274 I Wor Kuen: Lori Leong, East Wind magazine 1:1 (1982); author interview with Corky Lee, November 2002; Rocky Chin, ”New York Chinatown Today: Community in Crisis,” in Amy Tachiki, Eddie Wong, Franklin Odo, and Buck Wong, eds., Roots: An Asian American Reader. A Project of the UCLA Asian American Studies Center (Regents of the University of California, 1971). ).
275 ”the blushing dawn of ethnic awareness”: Gish Jen, Mona in the Promised Land (New York: Vintage, 1996), p. 3.
275 “‘You know, the Chinese revolution was a long time ago’”: Ibid., p. 118.
276 Fred Ho: Wei-hua Zhang, ”Fred Ho and Jon Jang: Profiles of Two Chinese American Jazz Musicians,” Chinese America: History and Perspectives 1994 (Brisbane, Calif.: Chinese Historical Society of America, 1994), pp. 175-99.
276 Grace Lee Boggs: Grace Lee Boggs, Living for Change: An Autobiography (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1998).
277 ”Afro-Chinese Marxist”: Frank H. Wu,