The Cleanest Race - B. R. Myers [61]
5. Yi Yǒng-hun, “Wae tashi haebang chǒnhusa inga,” 33. The original legend did not specify the mountain on which Tan’gun was born.
6. Ibid.
7. Song, Iljemal amhŭkki munhak yŏn’gu, 288.
8. Cho, “ ‘Minjok ǔi him ǔl yongmanghan ‘ch’inil naesyǒnǒlisǔt’ǔ’ Yi Kwang-su,” 548-552.
9. Song, 133.
10. Singminji Chosŏn kwa chǒnjaeng misul, 145, 114.
11. Kim Ch’ǒl, “Mollakhanǔn sinsaeng – ‘Manju ǔi kkum kwa 12. Song, 87, 90-91, 124. See also Cho, 548. 13. “Kara! Ch’ ǒngnyǒn hakdoyŏ,” in Maeil sinbo, November 20, 1943. 14. Cho, 524-555. 15. This is not to assume, as so much South Korean historiography does, that the masses were nationalists. 16. Ellul, Propaganda, 108-109. 17. Song, 127-128. 18. Ibid., 46. 19. Chŏn Kwang-yong, in his famous short story, “Kapitan Ri” (1962), Land of Exile, Contemporary Korean Fiction, 63. 20. Song, 127. 21. Ch’oi, “Chǒllyǒk chǔnggang ch’onghu suho ǔi chillo, “Maeil sinbo, March 7, 1945. 22. Lankov, From Stalin to Kim Il Sung, 11. 1. Ch’oi Kyǒng-hǔi, “Ch’inil munhak ǔi tto tarŭn ch’ ŭngwi,” 389-391. 2. Lankov, From Stalin to Kim Il Sung, 9. 3. Ibid., 10. 4. Han Pyŏng-gu, “Pukhan ǔi sinmun,” 92-93. 5. Kang, “Pukhan ǔi pangsong,” 155. 6. See Lankov, From Stalin to Kim, 49-76, for an excellent concise biography of Kim. 7. Lankov, From Stalin to Kim, 40. Nor should one assume (as the Soviet administration appear to have done) that the Soviet-Koreans arriving in Pyongyang were any better trained. Hwang Chang-yǒp writes that Marxism was taught in North Korea’s early years by Soviet-Koreans who showed no understanding of it themselves. Hwang, Hwoigorok, 122. 8. Chosǒn chǒnsa, 23: 300. 9. Sin Chu-hyǒn, “Kim Il-sǒng, ch’inil int’elli to kanbu ro tǔngyong haetta,” dailynk.com, September 16, 2005. 10. Kenez, The Birth of the Propaganda State, 5, 8-9. 11. Ch’oi had once danced for Hitler. For more information on the former collaborators in the North Korean cultural apparatus, see Myers, Han Sŏrya, 38-39. 12. Lankov, From Stalin to Kim Il Sung, 39-40. 13. “Munhwa wa yesul un inmin ǔl wihan kŏs ŭro toeŏya handa,” 96-104. 14. Hyŏn, Chŏkch’i yungnyŏn Pukhan ǔi mundan, 50-51. 15. Ibid., 25. 16. For more on this anthology see Myers, Han Sŏrya, 46-47. 17. The original legend had not identified the mountain on which Tan’gun had been born. 18. See, for example, the picture of a Korean girl tied to a rotary grain mill in Bratzke, Kita Chosen ‘rakuen’ no zangai, 109. 19. Ch’oi, “Kangje tongwŏn chǒnbom omyŏng pŏsŏtta,” November 13, 2006. 20. See for example Han Sǒr-ya’s Nammae (1949), or Yi Ch’un-jin, Anna (1948); both are short stories. 21. For relevant excerpts see Myers, “Mother Russia: Soviet Characters in North Korean Fiction,” 82-93. 22. Han Sǒr-ya, Nammae, 174. 23. Postwar, 61. 24. Gabroussenko, Soldiers on the Cultural Front (manuscript), page 24 of Chapter 2. 25. Han, Hyŏllo, 24. 26. Gabroussenko, Soldiers, page 35 of Chapter 2. 27. Han, Ryŏksa, 114. 28. Gabroussenko, 117. 29. Kimura Mitsuhiko, “P’asijŭm esǒ kongsanjuŭi ro,” 737-764. 30. Cf. Dower, 191. 31. Admiringly quoted by Han Sǒr-ya in, “Kim Il-sǒng changgun kwa minjok munhwa ǔi palchŏn,” 28. 32. Hyŏn, 42. 1. Weathersby, “Korea, 1949-50: To Attack, or Not to Attack?” 1-9. 2. Sin, “Sinin’gan,” 733-734; Gabroussenko, Soldiers, 25-27. 3. See Shen, “Sino-North Korean Conflict and its Resolution,” 9-38. 4. The speech in question is “Chǒnch’e chakka yesulgadǔl ege,” in Kim Il-sǒng sǒnjip, 3:242-244. 5. Kim Sa-ryang, “Uri nǔn irǒk’e igyǒtta,” in Kim Sa-ryang sǒnjip (Pyongyang, 1955), 341-369. The latter story is Yi T’ae-jun’s “Miguk taesagwan.” Gabroussenko, Soldiers (manuscript), page 32 of Chapter 4. The story would never have been published had it not pleased the party, and it was rumored to have been enjoyed by Kim Il Sung himself. But the unchivalrous conduct of the story’s Korean characters was held against the author during his purge in 1956. Gabroussenko,
The Soviet Occupation, 1945-1948
War and Reconstruction, 1948-1966