The Dirt on Clean - Katherine Ashenburg [107]
15 etiquette demanded: Emile Mireaux, Daily Life in the Time of Homer, trans. Iris Sells (London: George Allen and Unwin, 1959), 70.
16 “Accordingly Arete”: Homer, Odyssey (New York: Mentor/New American Library, 1963), 96–97.
17 Telemachus emerges: Homer, Odyssey, 42.
17 Odysseus gains height: Homer, Odyssey, 256.
17 Laertes’ clothes … “stronger than I saw you before!”: Homer, Odyssey, 265–68.
19 Hippocrates: Ralph Jackson, “Waters and Spas in the Classical World,” in Medical History of Waters and Spas, ed. Roy Porter (London: Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine, 1990), 1–2.
19 Sanctuaries normally had fonts: Robert Parker, Miasma: Pollution and Purification in Early Greek Religion (Oxford: Clarendon, 1983), 19–21.
19 like almost all peoples: Arnold van Gennep, Rites of Passage, trans. Monika B. Vizedom and Gabrielle Caffee (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1965), 20.
19 The first bath: Parker, Miasma, 50–51.
20 Both the Greek bride and groom: Anne Carson, “Putting Her in Her Place: Woman, Dirt, and Desire,” in Before Sexuality: The Construction of Erotic Experience in the Ancient Greek World, ed. David Halperin, John J. Winkler and Froma I. Zeitlin (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1990), 151–53; H. Blümner, The Home Life of the Ancient Greeks, trans. Alice Zimmern (London: Cassell, 1910), 137.
20 And when someone died: Parker, Miasma, 35–42.
20 When Achilles: Homer, The Iliad, trans. Ennis Rees (New York: Oxford University Press, 1991), 383.
20 An upper—middle—class: Blümner, Home Life, 188, 192–94; Peter Connolly and Hazel Dodge, The Ancient City: Life in Classical Athens and Rome (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998), 55.
22 make an occasional visit … wine and probably snacks: Fikret Yegül, Baths and Bathing in Classical Antiquity (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1992), 25–29; T. G. Tucker, Life in Ancient Athens: The Social and Public Life of a Classical Athenian from Day to Day (London: MacMillan, 1907), 88–89; Blümner, Home Life, 192–94.
23 One of the central Athenian institutions … before the Roman period: Yegül, Baths and Bathing, 7–24.
24 The playwright Aristophanes: Aristophanes, The Clouds, trans. H. J. Easterling and P. E. Easterling (Cambridge: W. Hoffer, 1961), 2, 31, 36 (lines 43–45, 835–40, 995 ff.).
25 Edward Gibbon: Edward Gibbon, The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (New York: Modern Library, 1932), 1:360, 1:539, 2:192.
25 modern German expression: Doug Saunders, “Gyno—politics 101: Germany Tries a Woman’s Touch,” Globe and Mail, 17 Sept. 2005, F3.
25 The Laws: Hans Licht, Sexual Life in Ancient Greece, trans. J. H. Freese, ed. Lawrence H. Dawson (London: Routledge, 1932), 101.
25 militaristic, ascetic Spartans: H. Michell, Sparta (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1964), 166, 281–82, 173–74.
26 Theophrastus … “no thanks to you for that!”: The Characters of Theophrastus, ed. and trans. J. M. Edmonds (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1961), 51, 65, 87–89, 95, 121.
28 the characteristic Roman bath: Garrett G. Fagan, Bathing in Public in the Roman World (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1999), 44–45.
29 After his exercise: Françoise de Bonneville, The Book of the Bath, trans. Jane Brenton (New York: Rizzoli, 1998), 24.
30 Roman men adopted: Yegül, Baths and Bathing, 32–35.
32 (box) A mixture of animal fats: Terence McLaughlin, Coprophilia; or, A Peck of Dirt (London: Cassell, 1971), 42–43; John A. Hunt, “A Short History of Soap,” Pharmaceutical Journal 263, no. 7076 (18/25 Dec. 1999): 985–89.
33 When Agricola became: Peter Jones and Keith Sidwell, eds. The World of Rome: An Introduction to Roman Culture (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997), 78.
34 The great age of Imperial baths … Oratory of Saint Bernard: Yegül, Baths and Bathing, 128–72; Fagan, Bathing in Public, 14–19, 104–23.
37 The most famous anecdote: Jerome Carcopino, Daily Life in Ancient Rome, trans. E. O. Lorimer (New York: Penguin, 1991), 285.
39 (box) nine aqueducts: Yegül, Baths and Bathing, 391–95; Alev Lytle Croutier, Taking the Waters: