The Dirt on Clean - Katherine Ashenburg [108]
39 (box) hypocaust: Yegül, Baths and Bathing, 356–65.
39 (box) Roman concrete: Fagan, Bathing in Public, 83–84; Yegül, Baths and Bathing, 492.
40 Pliny the Younger: J. P. V. D. Balsdon, Roman Women: Their History and Habits (London: Bodley Head, 1962), 265.
40 Trimalchio and his guests: Petronius, The Satyricon, trans. Alfred R. Allinson (New York: Panurge Press, 1930), 84–85, 150–52.
41 Seneca’s famous account … “Of the army, of farm work, and of manliness!”: Lucius Annaeus Seneca, 17 Letters, trans. C. D. N. Costa (Warminster, UK: Aris and Phillips, 1988), letter 56, pp. 37–39; letter 86, p. 311.
43 Aper decried: Martial, Epigrams, trans. Walter C. A. Kerr, 2 vols. (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1961), ep. 12.70, 2:271.
44 Poor pathetic Selius: Martial, Epigrams, ep. 2.14, 1:117–19.
44 “I defy you”: Martial in English, ed. J. P. Sullivan and A. J. Boyle (London: Penguin, 1996), ep. 12.82, trans. Philip Murray, 321–22.
44 anecdotes of ladies bathing: Martial, Epigrams, ep. 11.75, 2:291–92; ep. 11.82, 2:295–96; ep. 11.95, 2:305; ep. 12.19, 2:333.
44 When the poet gripes: Martial, Epigrams, ep. 3.36, 1:185.
45 his friend Ligurinus: Martial, Epigrams, ep. 3.44, 1:189.
45 Take poor Thais: Martial, Epigrams, ep. 6.93, 1:417.
45 “It’s easy to tell”: Martial in English, ep. 9.33, trans. Donald C. Goertz, 329.
46 “Naked I shall please you”: Martial, Epigrams, ep. 3.51, 1:195.
46 Saufeia says: Martial, Epigrams, ep. 3.72, 1:209–11.
46 “A gymnasium”: Martial, Epigrams, ep. 3.68, 1:207.
46 “a taverner”: Martial, Epigrams, ep. 2.48, 1:139.
MARGINALIA IN CHAPTER ONE
17 Stephanie A. Nelson, God and the Land: The Metaphysics of Farming in Hesiod and Vergil and ‘Works and Days,’ trans. (Works and Days) David Grene (New York: Oxford University Press, 1998), 27.
19 Hippocrates: Lawrence Wright, Clean and Decent: The History of the Bath and Loo and of Sundry Habits, Fashions and Accessories of the Toilet, Principally in Great Britain, France and America (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1980), 15.
20 Mary Kingsley, Travels in West Africa: Congo Français, Corisco and Cameroons (London: Virago, 1982), 469–70.
23 Herodotus: Lionel Casson, The Horizon Book of Life in Ancient Egypt (New York: American Heritage, 1975) 23.
28 Fagan, Bathing in Public, 319.
30 Fagan, Bathing in Public, 93–100; Audrey Cruse, Roman Medicine (Brimscombe Port Stroud, UK: Tempus Publishing, 2004), 59.
33 Fagan, Bathing in Public, 324.
34 Petronius, Satyricon, 61.
37 Scott Clark, Japan: A View from the Bath (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1994), 73.
38 Ovid, The Erotic Poems, trans. Peter Green (Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin, 1982), 181–82.
38 The accumulated sweat: Personal communication, Judith Gorman, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto.
40 Ovid, Erotic Poems, 219.
44 Yegül, Baths and Bathing, 40.
CHAPTER TWO
BATHED IN CHRIST: 200–1000
49 “They never wash”: The Book of the Thousand Nights and One Night, trans. Powys Mathers from the French of J.C. Mardrus (London: Routledge & Kegal Paul Ltd., 1953), 2:57.
50 Reginald Reynolds: Reginald Reynolds, Cleanliness and Godliness (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1946), 2–3.
51 During the time of Christ: Thomas Kazen, Jesus and Purity Halakhah: Was Jesus Indifferent to Purity? (Stockholm: Almqvist and Wiksell International, 2002), 7.
52 Scholars have advanced: Kazen, Jesus and Purity Halakhah, 342–47.
54 By the end: Kazen, Jesus and Purity Halakhah, 347–48.
54 Early Christian brides: Stefanie Hoss, Baths and Bathing: The Culture of Bathing and the Baths and Thermae in Palestine from the Hasmoneans to the Moslem Conquest (Oxford: Archaeopress, 2005), 82.
55 “We live with you”: Christoph Markschies, Between Two Worlds: Structures of Earliest Christianity, trans. John Bowden (London: SCM Press, 1999), 120.
56 Cyprian, the bishop of Carthage: Hoss, Baths and Bathing, 89.
56 Clement of Alexandria: John Ferguson, Clement of Alexandria (New York: Twayne, 1974), 96; Hoss, Baths and Bathing, 88.
57 Chrysostom’s ascetic