The Dirt on Clean - Katherine Ashenburg [111]
93 Philippe VI … “as has frequently been observed”: Vigarello, Concepts of Cleanliness, 8, 11, 22, 33.
94 Pulex irritans: Acocella, “End of the World,” 82.
95 clothing should be smooth: Vigarello, Concepts of Cleanliness, 10.
95 “Twenty-five years ago”: Vigarello, Concepts of Cleanliness, 27.
MARGINALIA IN CHAPTER THREE
74 Nicholas Orme, Medieval Children (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2001), 76.
75 “On Good Manners for Boys,” Collected Works of Erasmus, ed. J. K. Sowards (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1985), 25:276–77.
78 Orme, Medieval Children, 76.
78 Singman, Daily Life in Medieval Europe, 49.
79 Avicenna, Treatise on the Canon of Medicine of Avicenna, Incorporating a Translation of the First Book, trans. and ed. O. Cameron Gruner (London, Luzac and Co., 1930), 389.
80 Thorndike, “Sanitation, Baths,” 198.
82 Sachs, Renaissance Woman, 29.
83 Nickie Roberts, Whores in History: Prostitution in Western Society (London: HarperCollins, 1993), 82.
87 Thorndike, “Sanitation, Baths,” 197–98.
90 Barbara Tuchman, A Distant Mirror: The Calamitous 14th Century (New York: Knopf, 1978), 159.
90 Elizabeth Burton, The Elizabethans at Home (London: Secker & Warburg, 1958), 243–44.
93 Sachs, Renaissance Woman, 29.
94 Shahar, Childhood in the Middle Ages, 84.
CHAPTER FOUR
A PASSION FOR CLEAN LINEN: 1550–1750
97 Elisabeth Charlotte … “those who lived there”: Vigarello, Concepts of Cleanliness, 89.
99 Elizabeth I: Reynolds, Cleanliness and Godliness, 74.
99 James I: Olwen Hufton, The Prospect before Her: A History of Women in Western Europe, vol. I, 1500–1800 (New York: HarperCollins, 1995), 80.
99 Louis XIII: Vigarello, Concepts of Cleanliness, 66.
99 Michel de Montaigne: Michel de Montaigne, The Complete Works, trans. Donald M. Frame (New York: Everyman’s Library, Knopf, 2003), 715.
100 One hundred thousand Londoners: Ragnhild Hatton, Europe in the Age of Louis XIV (London: Thames and Hudson, 1969), 10.
100 “The bath”: Vigarello, Concepts of Cleanliness, 13.
100 Francis Bacon: Classen, Howes and Synnot, Aroma, 70, n. 68.
101 “only with the greatest caution”: Vigarello, Concepts of Cleanliness, 83.
101 Daniel Roche: Daniel Roche, The Culture of Clothing: Dress and Fashion in the Ancien Régime, trans. Jean Birrell (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994), 372–73.
102 Fynes Moryson: Antoni Maczak, Travel in Early Modern Europe, trans. Ursula Phillips (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1995), 102.
103 Travellers agreed: Paul Zumthor, Daily Life in Rembrandt’s Holland, trans. Simon Watson Taylor (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1962), 53-54.
103 Leonhard Rauwulf: Karl H. Dannenfeldt, Leonhard Rauwulf: Sixteenth-Century Physician, Botanist, and Traveler (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1968), 47–49.
104 Henry Blount: Henry Blount, A Voyage into the Levant (Amsterdam: Theatrum Orbis Terrarum, 1977), 100–101.
105 the Sun King’s halitosis: Louis Bertrand, The Private Life of Louis XIV, trans. Paul Morin (New York: Louis Carrier, 1929), 99–100.
105 the same Princess Palatine: Duchess of Orleans, Elizabeth-Charlotte of Bavaria, Princess Palatine, The Letters of Madame, trans. and ed. Gertrude Scott Stevenson (London: Arrowsmith, 1925), 2: 208.
105 future Louis XIII: Hufton, Prospect before Her, 200, n. 38; Vigarello, Concepts of Cleanliness, 16, n. 50.
106 When Louis XIV arose: Louis de Rouvroy, Duke of Saint-Simon, Memoirs of Louis XIV and the Regency, trans. Bayle St. John (New York, M. Walter Dunne, 1901), 3:30–31; Henri Carré, The Early Life of Louis XIV (1638–1661), trans. Dorothy Bolton (London: Hutchinson, 1951), 228–29.
107 “We understand why linen”: Vigarello, Concepts of Cleanliness, 60.
107 Louis Savot: Vigarello, Concepts of Cleanliness, 60.
107 Samuel Johnson: James Boswell, Life of Johnson (London: Oxford University Press, 1966), 281.
108 “white and fine linen”: Fynes Moryson, The Itinerary of Fynes Moryson (Glasgow: James MacLehose and Sons, 1907), 3:452.
108 Marie Adelaide: Lucy Norton, First Lady of Versailles: Marie Adelaide