The Dirt on Clean - Katherine Ashenburg [113]
127 Women wore leather or bone stays: Lawrence Stone, The Family, Sex and Marriage in England 1500–1800 (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1977), 488. 127 Thomas Turner: Derek Jarrett, England in the Age of Hogarth (London: Hart–-Davis, MacGibbon, 1974), 170.
127 James Boswell: Aline Ribeiro, The Art of Dress: Fashion in England and France 1750 to 1820 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1995), 151.
127 Duke of Norfolk’s servants: Rosamond Bayne–-Powell, Housekeeping in the Eighteenth Century (London: John Murray, 1956), 119.
128 The traditional departure: Kristen Olsen, Daily Life in 18th-Century England (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1999), 268.
128 Lord Chesterfield: Olsen, Daily Life, 269.
128 John Locke’s 1693 treatise: John Locke, Some Thoughts Concerning Education and of the Conduct of the Understanding, ed. Ruth W. Grant and Nathan Tarcov (Indianapolis: Hackett, 1996), 12–13.
129 Sir John Floyer: John Floyer and Edward Baynard, The History of Cold Bathing: Both Ancient and Modern (London: Samuel Smith and Benjamin Walford, 1706), 78.
129 “A cold regimen”: Floyer and Baynard, Cold Bathing, unpaginated introduction.
130 (box) Dr. Edward Baynard: Floyer and Baynard, Cold Bathing, pt. 2, 79, 80.
130 John Wesley: Stanley Ayling, John Wesley (London: Collins, 1979), 168.
130 For Wesley … hands and feet needed to be immersed: John Wesley, Primitive Physick; or, An Easy and Natural Method of Curing Most Diseases (Bristol: William Pine, 1770), xvii, xix, 150 ff., 46.
131 people regarded the sea: Sarah Howell, The Seaside (London: Collier and Collier Macmillan, 1974), 7–8, 43, 45–46.
132 (box) In 1789: Howell, The Seaside, 30–31.
133 Dr. Richard Russell: Richard Russell, Dissertation on the Use of Seawater in Diseases of the Glands (London: W. Owen, 1760).
133 pirated English version: Howell, The Seaside, 14–17.
133 Sanditon: Jane Austen, Sanditon, The Watsons, Lady Susan and Other Miscellanea (London: J. M. Dent, 1934), 19.
134 Tobias Smollett’s satirical novel … “every sinew of the human frame”: Tobias Smollett, The Expedition of Humphry Clinker (London: J. M. Dent, 1943), 13–14, 16, 43–44, 174–75, 169–70.
135 An Essay. … “the Element itself”: Tobias Smollett, An Essay on the External Use of Water, ed. Claude E. Jones (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1935), 53, 61, 64, 55.
136 He spent two years … “my spirits have been more alert”: Tobias Smollett, Travels through France and Italy, ed. Frank Felsenstein (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1979), 83, 276, 13–14, 192–93.
137 Smollett’s 1766 account: Howell, The Seaside, 55–56.
137 the apartments at Versailles … a city renowned for its uncleanliness: Smollett, France and Italy, 40, 47, 107–8.
138 “I am attached”: Smollett, France and Italy, 341.
140 Madame de Pompadour: Christine Previtt Algrant, Madame de Pompadour: Mistress of France (New York: Grove Press, 2002), 117.
140 Even Marie Antoinette: Antonia Fraser, Marie Antoinette: The Journey (New York: Anchor Books, 2002), 169.
141 As a young man: Jean-Jacques Rousseau, The Confessions and Correspondence, Including the Letters to Malesherbes, vol. 5 of The Collected Writings of Rousseau, ed. Christopher Kelly, Roger D. Masters and Peter G. Stillman, trans. Christopher Kelly (Hanover, NH: University Press of New England, 1995), 305–6.
141 When a urinary complaint: J. H. Huizinga, The Making of a Saint: The Tragi-Comedy of Jean-Jacques Rousseau (London: Hamish Hamilton, 1976), 50.
142 Again and again in The Confessions: Rousseau, Confessions, 113, 437, 516, 133.
142 Praising Thetis … “more than clean, she is pure”: Rousseau, Emile, trans. Barbara Foxley (London: J. M. Dent, 1993), 16, 30–31, 26, 428.
145 a water mill: D. C. Charlton, New Images of the Natural in France (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984), 30.
146 Helen Maria Williams: Aileen Ribeiro, Fashion in the French Revolution (London: Batsford, 1988), 70.
146 the Duchesse d’Abrantes: Ribeiro, French Revolution, 128.
146 the Margravine of Bayreuth: Adrien Faucher–-Magnan,