The Fiery Trial_ Abraham Lincoln and American Slavery - Eric Foner [218]
13. Merton L. Dillon, “The Antislavery Movement in Illinois, 1809–1844” (unpub. diss., University of Michigan, 1951), 124; Harris, History of Negro Servitude, 229, 235; Elmer Gertz, “The Black Codes of Illinois,” JISHS, 56 (Autumn 1963), 454–73; “Notes on Illinois: Laws,” Illinois Monthly Magazine (March 1832), 244; Liberator, April 3, 1840.
14. Winkle, Young Eagle, 50.
15. For the market revolution and its impact, see Charles Sellers, The Market Revolution: Jacksonian America, 1815–1846 (New York, 1991); and Melvin Stokes and Stephen Conway, eds., The Market Revolution in America: Social, Political, and Religious Expressions, 1800–1880 (Charlottesville, 1996).
16. Burlingame, Abraham Lincoln: A Life, 1: 43–44, 56–57.
17. Thomas C. Buchanan, Black Life on the Mississippi: Slaves, Free Blacks, and the Western Steamboat World (Chapel Hill, 2004); CW, 4: 62.
18. Albert A. Fossier, New Orleans: The Glamour Period, 1800–1840 (New Orleans, 1957); Joseph G. Tregle Jr., “Early New Orleans Society: A Reappraisal,” JSH, 18 (February 1952), 20–36; J. P. Mayer, ed., Journey to America, trans. George Lawrence (New Haven, 1959), 164–65; Richard C. Wade, Slavery in the Cities: The South, 1820–1860 (New York, 1964), 150.
19. Miller, Lincoln and His World: Early Years, 81–82; Wade, Slavery in the Cities, 5–6, 199–201; Walter Johnson, Soul by Soul: Life inside the Antebellum Slave Market (Cambridge, Mass., 1999).
20. Douglas L. Wilson and Rodney O. Davis, eds., Herndon’s Informants (Urbana, Ill.,1998), 457; Miller, Lincoln and His World: Early Years, 104–5; CW, 4: 64. Hanks also later claimed that Lincoln exclaimed after watching a New Orleans slave auction, “If I ever get a chance to hit that thing, I’ll hit it hard.” Don E. Fehrenbacher and Virginia Fehrenbacher, who have evaluated numerous such recollected statements by Lincoln, consider this one among the least credible. Don E. Fehrenbacher and Virginia Fehrenbacher, eds., Recollected Words of Abraham Lincoln (Stanford, 1996), 198. Allen Gentry’s grandson claimed that his grandmother, Gentry’s wife, related that Lincoln called a slave auction he witnessed in New Orleans a “disgrace.” But the interview in which the grandson related this occurred in 1936, over a century after the alleged statement. Burlingame, Abraham Lincoln: A Life, 1: 44.
21. BD, 1: 138–39.
22. David Herbert Donald, “We Are Lincoln Men”: Abraham Lincoln and His Friends (New York, 2003), 29, 44–47, 55; CW, 2: 320.
23. Joseph A. Harder, “The Lincoln-Douglass ‘Debate’: Abraham Lincoln, Frederick Douglass and the Rediscovery of America” (unpub. diss., University of Virginia, 2004), 27–28; CW, 1: 260–61.
24. Miller, Lincoln and His World: Early Years, 198, 231; Lucas, History of Blacks in Kentucky, 1: 89; Catherine Clinton, Mrs. Lincoln: A Life (New York, 2009), 15–17.
25. Richard E. Hart, “Springfield’s African-Americans as a Part of the Lincoln Community,” JALA, 20 (Winter 1999), 40–42; Stephen Berry, House of Abraham: Lincoln and the Todds, a Family Divided by War (Boston, 2007), xii–xiii, 40; William H. Townsend, Lincoln and His Wife’s Home Town (Indianapolis, 1929), 192.
26. Berry, House of Abraham, x–xii, 41–42.
27. Townsend, Lincoln and His Wife’s Home Town, 95, 140–55, 214, 226, 243.
28. In addition to the laws of Kentucky and Illinois mentioned earlier, see Paul Finkelman, “Prelude to the Fourteenth Amendment: Black Legal Rights in the Antebellum North,” Rutgers Law Journal, 17 (Spring and Summer 1986), 425.
29. William Lee Miller, Lincoln’s Virtues: An Ethical Biography (New York, 2002), 26–44.
30. Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America, ed. J. P. Mayer, trans. George Lawrence (New York, 1966), 627.
31. Arthur Zilversmit, The First Emancipation: The Abolition of Slavery in the North (Chicago, 1967), 114–28; Stanley L. Engerman, “Emancipations in Comparative Perspective: A Long and Wide View,” in Gert Oostine, ed., Fifty Years Later: Antislavery, Capitalism and Modernity in the Dutch Orbit (Pittsburgh, 1996),