The Fiery Trial_ Abraham Lincoln and American Slavery - Eric Foner [222]
8. Darrel E. Bigham, Towns and Villages of the Lower Ohio (Lexington, Ky., 1998), 27–40; William E. Bartelt, “There I Grew Up”: Remembering Abraham Lincoln’s Indiana Youth (Indianapolis, 2008), 34; Winkle, Young Eagle, 12–18; Wilson and Davis, Herndon’s Informants, 27, 39, 93; CG, 37th Congress, 2nd Session, 3338; Don E. Fehrenbacher and Virginia Fehrenbacher, eds., Recollected Words of Abraham Lincoln (Stanford, 1996), 383. The Fehrenbachers are skeptical regarding the recollection of Lincoln referring to himself as a slave, while Michael Burlingame credits it as reflecting the origin of Lincoln’s antislavery beliefs. Michael Burlingame, Abraham Lincoln: A Life (2 vols.; Baltimore, 2008), 1: 42.
9. Robert Mazrim, The Sangamo Frontier: History and Archaeology in the Shadow of Lincoln (Chicago, 2007), 116–19, 305; Winkle, Young Eagle, 43–54, 77, 99, 156–59; Benjamin P. Thomas, Lincoln’s New Salem (Springfield, Ill., 1954), 6–37; Paul M. Angle, “Here I Have Lived”: A History of Lincoln’s Springfield, 1821–1865 (New Brunswick, N.J., 1935), 23–35, 154–58; Pratt, Illinois as Lincoln Knew It, 79; James E. Davis, Frontier Illinois (Bloomington, Ind., 1998), 198–207.
10. Fehrenbacher and Fehrenbacher, Recollected Words, 395–96; Jean H. Baker, “Coming of Age in New Salem and Springfield: Lincoln Goes to Town,” in Timothy P. Townsend, ed., Papers from the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Annual Lincoln Colloquia (Springfield, Ill., n.d.), 142–51; William Cronon et al., “Becoming West: Toward a New Meaning for Western History,” in William Cronon et al., eds., Under an Open Sky: Rethinking America’s Western Past (New York, 1992), 12–23; Scott A. Sandage, Born Losers: A History of Failure in America (Cambridge, Mass., 2005), 156–58.
11. William Lee Miller, Lincoln’s Virtues: An Ethical Biography (New York, 2002), 60–61; CW, 2: 15–16, 96–97; 4: 61; John L. Scripps, Life of Abraham Lincoln, eds. Roy P. Basler and Lloyd A. Dunlap (New York, 1968), 26.
12. Emanuel Hertz, The Hidden Lincoln (New York, 1938), 117; Paul K. Conkin, Prophets of Prosperity: America’s First Political Economists (Bloomington, Ind., 1980), 116–23; Francis Wayland, The Elements of Political Economy (2nd ed.; New York, 1838), 7, 105–6, 110–22, 417; CW, 2: 32; 3: 361, 472–80.
13. Kenneth J. Winkle, “The Middle-Class Marriage of Abraham and Mary Lincoln,” in Fornieri and Gabbard, Lincoln’s America, 94–114; CW, 4: 65; 2: 220–21; David Herbert Donald, “We Are Lincoln Men”: Abraham Lincoln and His Friends (New York, 2003), 24–26; Thomas, Lincoln’s New Salem, 88–110; Burlingame, Abraham Lincoln: A Life, 1: 78; Matthew W. Backes, “The Father and the Middle Class: Paternal Authority, Filial Independence, and the Transformation of American Culture, 1800–1850” (unpub. diss., Columbia University, 2005), 1–14.
14. Silbey, “Always a Whig,” 28–29; Ashworth, “Agrarians,” 52–57, 117, 163–64; Sean Wilentz, The Rise of American Democracy: Jefferson to Lincoln (New York, 2005), 503–6.
15. CW, 1: 48. David Donald, unlike most biographers, thinks Lincoln included women as a joke and that his reference to paying taxes as a requirement for voting was meant to exclude propertyless Irish-born canal workers, who tended to vote Democratic. David Herbert Donald, Lincoln (New York, 1995), 59. Burlingame sees Lincoln as a “proto-feminist,” no doubt a considerable exaggeration. Burlingame, Abraham Lincoln: A Life, 1: 104. The Illinois Constitution of 1818 contained neither a taxpaying nor a property qualification for voting, although it limited the suffrage to white males. Alexander Keyssar, The Right to Vote: The Contested History of Democracy in the United States (New York, 2000), appendix A.
16. CW, 1: 1–8; 3: 511.
17. Michael Burlingame, ed., An Oral History of Abraham Lincoln: John G. Nicolay’s Interviews and Essays (Carbondale, Ill., 1996), 30–31; Wilson and Davis, Herndon’s Informants, 476; Johannsen, Letters of Stephen A. Douglas, 68; Paul Simon, Lincoln’s