The Fiery Trial_ Abraham Lincoln and American Slavery - Eric Foner [221]
61. For example, George B. Forgie, Patricide in the House Divided: A Psychological Interpretation of Lincoln and His Age (New York, 1979); Donald, Lincoln, 81–82; Richard Striner, Father Abraham: Lincoln’s Relentless Struggle to End Slavery (New York, 2006), 30; and William E. Gienapp, Abraham Lincoln and Civil War America (New York, 2002), 31–32. Burlingame suggests that Lincoln aimed his warning of a future tyrant against Douglas. Burlingame, Abraham Lincoln: A Life, 1: 140.
62. John Ashworth, “Agrarians” and “Aristocrats”: Party Political Ideology in the United States, 1837–1846 (London, 1983), 59–61.
63. CW, 1: 109–13; Neil Schmitz, “Murdered McIntosh, Murdered Lovejoy: Abraham Lincoln and the Problem of Jacksonian Address,” Arizona Quarterly, 44 (Autumn 1988), 26.
64. Michael K. Curtis, Free Speech, “The People’s Darling Privilege”: Struggles for Freedom of Expression in American History (Durham, 2000), 10–13, 185–87, 260–61; Major L. Wilson, “Lincoln and Van Buren in the Steps of the Fathers: Another Look at the Lyceum Address,” CWH, 29 (September 1983), 197.
65. Faragher, Sugar Creek, 152; Winkle, Young Eagle, 274–85; CW, 6: 487.
66. CW, 1: 271–79.
67. Gabor S. Boritt, Lincoln and the Economics of the American Dream (Memphis, 1978), 97–98; CW, 3: 5–6, 16.
68. CW, 1: 279.
69. Journal of the House of Representatives of the Ninth General Assembly of the State of Illinois (Vandalia, 1836), 236.
70. Burlingame, Abraham Lincoln: A Life, 1: 109–10, 154–55; Miller, Lincoln and His World: Prairie Politician, 53–54, 77; King, Lincoln’s Manager, 38; Zucker, “Free Negro Question,” 181–83; The Votes and Speeches of Martin Van Buren, on the Subjects of the Right of Suffrage… (New York, 1840).
2 “Always a Whig”
1. CW, 1: 180, 201–5, 315; 3: 511–12; Joel Silbey, “‘Always a Whig in Politics’: The Partisan Life of Abraham Lincoln,” Papers of the Abraham Lincoln Association, 8 (1986), 21–24; Michael Burlingame, “Lincoln Spins the Press,” in Charles M. Hubbard, ed., Lincoln Reshapes the Presidency (Macon, Ga., 2003), 65; Harry E. Pratt, ed., Illinois as Lincoln Knew It (Springfield, Ill., 1938), 33.
2. Donald W. Riddle, Lincoln Runs for Congress (New Brunswick, N.J., 1948), 36–38; Douglas L. Wilson and Rodney O. Davis, eds., Herndon’s Informants (Urbana, Ill., 1998), 480; Michael F. Holt, The Rise and Fall of the American Whig Party (New York, 1999), 214–15.
3. Daniel W. Howe, “Why Abraham Lincoln Was a Whig,” JALA, 16 (Winter 1995), 27–38; Kenneth J. Winkle, The Young Eagle: The Rise of Abraham Lincoln (Dallas, 2001), 186–88, 247.
4. Daniel W. Howe, The Political Culture of the American Whigs (Chicago, 1979); John Ashworth, Slavery, Capitalism, and Politics in the Antebellum Republic (2 vols.; New York, 1995–2007), 1: 315–23.
5. Calvin Colton, Labor and Capital (New York, 1844), 36; John Ashworth, “Agrarians” and “Aristocrats”: Party Political Ideology in the United States, 1837–1846 (London, 1983), 62–71; Thomas Brown, Politics and Statesmanship: Essays on the American Whig Party (New York, 1985), 48, 120, 179; Eric Foner, Free Soil, Free Labor, Free Men: The Ideology of the Republican Party before the Civil War (New York, 1995 ed.), xx–xxi; Howe, Political Culture, 131.
6. Eric Foner, The Story of American Freedom (New York, 1998), 54–55; Robert W. Johannsen, ed., The Letters of Stephen A. Douglas (Urbana, Ill., 1961), 42–44.
7. Mark Noll, “Lincoln’s God,” Journal of Presbyterian History, 82 (Summer 2004), 79–80; Richard Carwardine, Lincoln (London, 2003), 30–36; Allen C. Guelzo, “A. Lincoln, Philosopher: Lincoln’s Place in Nineteenth-Century Intellectual History,” in Joseph R. Fornieri and Sara V. Gabbard, eds., Lincoln’s America, 1809–1865 (Carbondale, Ill., 2008), 75–86; Wilson and Davis, Herndon’s Informants, 13, 61, 472; CW, 1: 382. Philip Ostergard lists every biblical reference in Lincoln’s letters and speeches. Clearly,