The Fiery Trial_ Abraham Lincoln and American Slavery - Eric Foner [235]
42. New York Times, February 20, 1861; Holzer, Lincoln President-Elect, 158; McClintock, Lincoln and the Decision, 79–82, 94–95; CW, 4: 149–51; Elihu B. Washburne to Lincoln, December 9, 1860, ALP.
43. CW, 4: 156–58; McClintock, Lincoln and the Decision, 92–93.
44. John A. Gilmer to Lincoln, December 10, 1860, ALP; CW, 4: 151–52, 160–61.
45. Neill S. Brown to Lincoln, January 13, 1861, ALP; O. Ewing to Lincoln, January 24, 1861, both in Lincoln Collection, ALPLM; CW, 4: 172.
46. William H. Seward to Lincoln, January 27, 1861, ALP; CW, 4: 183; Burlingame, Abraham Lincoln: A Life, 1: 749–51; McClintock, Lincoln and the Decision, 166.
47. Holzer, Lincoln President-Elect, 389; David Davis to Sarah Davis, February 17, 1861, David Davis Papers, ALPLM; CW, 4: 191, 195, 233, 240–41.
48. McClintock, Lincoln and the Decision, 181; CW, 4: 237; Holzer, Lincoln President-Elect, 344.
49. CW, 4: 240–41.
50. Gunderson, Old Gentlemen’s Convention, 13, 86; Lucius E. Chittenden, A Report of the Debates and Proceedings in the Secret Sessions of the Conference Convention (New York, 1864), 43–46, 94–97; Kenneth M. Stampp, ed., “Letters from the Washington Peace Conference of 1861,” JSH, 9 (August 1943), 394–403.
51. CG, 36th Congress, 2nd Session, 1284–85, 1403; Appendix, 87.
52. CG, 37th Congress, 2nd Session, 2898; Hiland Hall to William H. Seward, February 23, 1861; Carl Schurz to Lincoln, April 5, 1861, both in ALP; George Boutwell, Reminiscences of Sixty Years in Public Affairs (2 vols.; New York, 1: 274.
53. New York Times, March 1, 1861. CW, 4: 249–61, reprints Lincoln’s first draft and indicates revisions. See also Orville H. Browning to Lincoln, February 17, 1861; William H. Seward to Lincoln, February 24, 1861; First Inaugural Address, Second Printed Draft with Seward’s Suggested Changes in Red Ink, n.d., all in ALP.
54. New York Tribune, March 5, 1861; CW, 4: 262–70.
55. CG, 36th Congress, 2nd Session, 552, 1382; Kyvig, Explicit and Authentic Acts, 149–50. Ratification by Illinois was not valid, as it was done by a state constitutional convention, not the legislature as Congress had specified.
56. Liberator, March 8, 1861; Burlingame, Abraham Lincoln: A Life, 2: 61.
57. Holzer, Lincoln President-Elect, 256; William Lee Miller, President Lincoln: The Duty of a Statesman (New York, 2008), 10; CG, 33rd Congress, 1st Session, appendix, 321; 36th Congress, 1st Session, 1035; 2nd Session, 416; Kenneth M. Stampp, “Lincoln’s History,” in James M. McPherson, ed., “We Cannot Escape History”: Lincoln and the Last Best Hope of Earth (Urbana, Ill., 1995), 26–27; Independent, March 7, 1861.
58. CW, 4: 247–71.
59. Wainwright, Philadelphia Perspective, 381.
60. Weekly Anglo-African, March 16, 1861; CG, 36th Congress, 2nd Session, 1442; Perkins, Northern Editorials, 2: 625–26; H. D. Faulkner to Lincoln, March 5, 1861, ALP.
61. Chandra Manning, What This Cruel War Was Over: Soldiers, Slavery, and the Civil War (New York, 2007), 27; Herbert Mitgang, ed., Abraham Lincoln: A Press Portrait (Chicago, 1971), 240–42; Doris Kearns Goodwin, Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln (New York, 2005), 330; Douglass’ Monthly, 3 (April 1861), 433.
62. Orville H. Browning to Lincoln, February 17, 1861, ALP; Chicago Tribune, March 15, 1861; Philip S. Paludan, The Presidency of Abraham Lincoln (Lawrence, Kans., 1994), 61–71; Don E. Fehrenbacher, “Lincoln’s Wartime Leadership: The First Hundred Days,” JALA, 9 (1987), 11–15; David A. Nichols, Lincoln and the Indians: Civil War Policy and Politics (Columbia, Mo., 1978), 27–29. Still valuable on the events leading to the outbreak of war is Richard N. Current, Lincoln and the First Shot (Philadelphia, 1963).
63. Earl J. Hess, Liberty, Virtue, and Progress: Northerners and Their War for the Union (New York, 1988), 26; Christopher Dell, Lincoln and the War Democrats (Rutherford, N.J., 1975), 52–59; Orville H. Browning to Lincoln, April 18, 1861; Elias B. Holmes to Lincoln, April 20, 1861, both in ALP; Wainwright, Philadelphia Perspective, 385.
64. CW, 4: 332, 353; Burlingame,