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34. http://www.leeds.ac.uk/news/article/802/organic_farming_shows_limited_benefit_to_wildlife.

35. J. Burney et al., 2010: “Greenhouse Gas Mitigation by Agricultural Intensification,” PNAS, vol. 107, no. 26, 12052–7.

36. T. Garnett et al., 2009: “Root Based Approaches to Improving Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Plants,” Plant, Cell & Environment, 32, 9, 1272–83.

37. A. Good et al., 2007: “Engineering Nitrogen Use Efficiency with Alanine Aminotransferase,” Canadian Journal of Botany, 85, 3, 252–62.

38. E. Brauer and B. Shelp, 2010: “Nitrogen Use Efficiency: Re-consideration of the Bioengineering Approach,” Botany, 88, 2, 103–9.

39. A. Shrawat et al., 2008: “Genetic Engineering of Improved Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Rice by the Tissue-Specific Expression of Alanine Aminotransferase,” Plant Biotechnology Journal, 6, 7, 722–32.

40. Y-M. Bi et al., 2009: “Increased Nitrogen-Use Efficiency in Transgenic Rice Plants Over-expressing a Nitrogen-Responsive Early Nodulin Gene Identified from Rice Expression Profiling,” Plant, Cell & Environment, 32, 12, 1749–60.

41. http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/campaigns/agriculture/problem/genetic-engineering/ge-agriculture-and-genetic-pol/.

42. M. Lynas, 2008: “GM Won’t Yield a Harvest for the World,” The Guardian, http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2008/jun/19/gmcrops.food.

43. S. Brand, 2010: Whole Earth Discipline: An Ecopragmatist Manifesto, Atlantic Books, p. 125.

44. S. Duke and S. Powles, 2008: “Glyphosate: A Once-in-a-Century Herbicide,” Pest Management Science, 64, 4, 319–25.

45. Y. Devos et al., 2008: “Environmental Impact of Herbicide Regimes Used with Genetically Modified Herbicide-Resistant Maize,” Transgenic Research, 17, 6, 1059–77.

46. R. Bennett et al., 2004: “Environmental and Human Health Impacts of Growing Genetically Modified Herbicide-Tolerant Sugar Beet: A Life-cycle Assessment,” Plant Biotechnology Journal, 2, 4, 273–8.

47. G. Brookes and P. Barfoot, 2006: “Global Impact of Biotech Crops: Socioeconomic and Environmental Effects in the First Ten Years of Commercial Use,” AgBioForum, 9, 3, 139–51.

48. Brookes and Barfoot, cited above.

49. Y. Lu et al., 2010: “Mirid Bug Outbreaks in Multiple Crops Correlated with Wide-Scale Adoption of Bt Cotton in China,” Science, 328, 5982, 1151–4.

50. N. Kingsbury, 2009: Hybrid: The History and Science of Plant Breeding, University of Chicago Press, p.417.

51. Brookes and Barfoot, cited above.

52. D. Plett et al., 2010: “Improved Salinity Tolerance of Rice Through Cell Type-Specific Expression of AtHKT1;1,” PLoS ONE, 5, 9, e12571.

53. J. Chow et al., 2010: “Cost-Effectiveness of ‘Golden Mustard’ for Treating Vitamin A Deficiency in India,” PLoS ONE, 5, 8, e12046.

54. “Green Pepper to the Rescue of African Bananas,” IITA press release, August 5, 2010.

55. M. Moloney and J. Peacock, 2005: “Plant Biotechnology,” Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 8, 2, 163–4.

56. Committee on the Impact of Biotechnology on Farm-Level Economics and Sustainability, 2010: Impact of Genetically Engineered Crops on Farm Sustainability in the United States, National Research Council.

57. M. Enserink, 2008: “Tough Lessons from Golden Rice,” Science, 320, 5875, 468–71.

58. V. Gewin, 2010: “Food: An Underground Revolution,” Nature, 466, 552–3.

4: LAND USE

1. E. Sanderson, et al., 2002: “The Human Footprint and the Last of the Wild,” BioScience, 52, 10, 891–904.

2. J. Lalo, 1987: “The Problem of Road Kill,” American Forests, 93, 50–2.

3. R. Forman and R. Deblinger, 2000: “The Ecological Road-Effect Zone of a Massachusetts (USA) Suburban Highway,” Conservation Biology, 14, 1, 36–46.

4. See J. Diamond, 2006: Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Survive, Penguin, 616 pp., for a seminal treatment of the issue.

5. M. Williams, 2006: Deforesting the Earth: From Prehistory to Global Crisis, University of Chicago Press, p. 117.

6. M. Heckenberger et al., 2007: “The Legacy of Cultural Landscapes in the Brazilian Amazon: Implications