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67. T. Aide and H. Grau, 2004: “Globalization, Migration, and Latin American Ecosystems,” Science, 305, 5692, 1915–16.

68. Aide and Grau, cited above.

69. P. Meyfroidt and E. Lambin, 2008: “The Causes of the Reforestation in Vietnam,” Land Use Policy, 25, 2, 182–97.

70. S. Wright and H. Muller-Landau, 2006: “The Future of Tropical Forest Species,” Biotropica, 38, 3, 287–301.

71. See Figure 2 in the above paper.

72. S. Sloan, 2007: “Fewer People May Not Mean More Forest for Latin American Forest Frontiers,” Biotropica, 39, 4, 443–6.

73. P. Fearnside, 2008: “Will Urbanization Cause Deforested Areas to Be Abandoned in Brazilian Amazonia?,” Environmental Conservation, 35, 197–9.

74. R. Chazdon, 2004: “Tropical Forest Recovery: Legacies of Human Impact and Natural Disturbances,” Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, 6, 1–2, 51–71.

5: FRESHWATER

1. S. Postel and B. Richter, 2003: Rivers for Life: Managing Water for People and Nature, Island Press.

2. B. Chao et al., 2008: “Impact of Artificial Reservoir Water Impoundment on Global Sea Level,” Science, 320, 5873, 212–14.

3. B. Chao, 1995: “Anthropogenic Impact on Global Geodynamics Due to Reservoir Water Impoundment,” Geophysical Research Letters, 22, 24, 3529–32.

4. Postel and Richter, cited above.

5. L. Gordon et al., 2005: “Human Modification of Global Water Vapor Flows from the Land Surface,” PNAS, 102, 21, 7612–17.

6. D. Gerten et al., 2008: “Causes of Change in 20th Century Global River Discharge,” Geophysical Research Letters, 35, L20405.

7. F. Saeed et al., 2009: “Impact of Irrigation on the South Asian Summer Monsoon,” Geophysical Research Letters, 36, L20711.

8. G. Hutton and L. Haller, 2004: Evaluation of the Costs and Benefits of Water and Sanitation Improvements at the Global Level, World Health Organization, http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/wsh0404.pdf.

9. Chapter 7 of Third UN World Water Development Report, 2009, http://www.unesco.org/water/wwap/wwdr/wwdr3/tableofcontents.shtml.

10. Postel and Richter, cited above.

11. C. Taylor, 2010: “Feedbacks on Convection from an African Wetland,” Geophysical Research Letters, 37, L05406.

12. IUCN, 2008: Freshwater Biodiversity: A Hidden Resource Under Threat, http://intranet.iucn.org/webfiles/doc/SpeciesProg/FBU/IUCN_WCC_Freshwater_Factsheet.pdf.

13. IUCN, 2010: “New Book Celebrates Aquatic Life in Africa’s Okavango Delta,” News story, February 4, 2010.

14. IUCN, 2009: IUCN List of Threatened Species, 2009 Update, Freshwater Fish Facts, http://cmsdata.iucn.org/downloads/more_facts_on_freshwater_fish.pdf.

15. Postel and Richter, cited above.

16. G. Miller, 2010: “In Central California, Coho Salmon Are on the Brink,” Science, 327, 5965, 512–13.

17. T. Sun et al., 2008: “Critical Environmental Flows to Support Integrated Ecological Objectives for the Yellow River Estuary, China,” Water Resources Management, 22, 973–89.

18. S. Ghazleh et al., 2009: “Water Input Requirements of the Rapidly Shrinking Dead Sea,” Naturwissenschaften, 96, 637–43.

19. Postel and Richter, cited above, p. 125.

20. J. Olden and R. Naiman, 2010: “Incorporating Thermal Regimes into Environmental Flows Assessments: Modifying Dam Operations to Restore Freshwater Ecosystem Integrity,” Freshwater Biology, 55, 86–107.

21. M. Meybeck, 2003: “Global Analysis of River Systems: from Earth System Controls to Anthropocene Syndromes,” Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B, 358, 1935–55.

22. J. Rockström et al., 2009: “Planetary Boundaries: Exploring the Safe Operating Space for Humanity,” Ecology and Society, 14, 2, 32.

23. See http://www.hydroreform.org/sites/www.hydroreform.org/files/RESTORE-for-web.pdf.

24. For progress on these and other dam removal projects see http://www.americanrivers.org.

25. See http://www.nature.org/initiatives/freshwater/partnership/.

26. Environmental Justice Foundation: “The Aral Sea Crisis,” http://www.ejfoundation.org/page146.html.

27. http://www.cottoncampaign.org/frequently-asked-questions/.

28. P. Micklin, 2009: “The Future of the Aral Sea: Is the