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45. “Chernobyl Deaths ‘Up to 66,000,’” Scotland on Sunday, April 23, 2006, http://scotlandonsunday.scotsman.com/nuclearincidents/Chernobyl-deaths-up-to-66000.2769657.jp.

46. http://www.iaea.org/Publications/Booklets/Chernobyl/chernobyl.pdf.

47. http://www.unscear.org/docs/reports/2000/Volume%20II_Effects/AnnexJ_pages%20451-566.pdf.

48. UNSCEAR, as cited above.

49. http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/news/features/chernobyl-deaths-180406/.

50. http://www.greenpeace.org/international/Global/international/planet-2/report/2006/4/chernobylhealthreport.pdf.

51. Personal communication from the Ukrainian government. For comparison of radiation doses received for medical purposes, see for example http://www.hps.org/hpspublications/articles/dosesfrommedicalradiation.html.

52. http://www-pub.iaea.org/mtcd/publications/pdf/pub1239_web.pdf.

53. R. Chesser and R. Baker, 2006: “Growing up with Chernobyl,” American Scientist, 94, 542–9.

54. http://www-pub.iaea.org/mtcd/publications/pdf/pub1239_web.pdf.

55. See A. Møller and T. Mousseau, 2009: “Reduced Abundance of Insects and Spiders Linked to Radiation at Chernobyl 20 Years After the Accident,” Biol. Lett., 5, 3, 356–9, and 2011: “Efficiency of Bio-indicators for Low-Level Radiation Under Field Conditions,” Ecological Indicators, 11, 2.

56. See for example, J. Smith, 2008: “Is Chernobyl Radiation Really Causing Negative Individual and Population-Level Effects on Barn Swallows?,” Biol. Lett., 23 February 2008 vol. 4, no. 1, 63–4.

57. B. Borrell, 2007: “A Fluctuating Reality: Accused of Fraud, Anders Pape Möller Has Traveled from Superstar Evolutionary Biologist to Pariah,” The Scientist, 21, 1, p. 26.

58. A. Møller et al., 2011: “Chernobyl Birds Have Smaller Brains,” PLoS One, 6, 2, e16862.

59. Next Big Future blog, 2011: “Deaths per TWH by Energy Source,” http://nextbigfuture.com/2011/03/deaths-per-twh-by-energy-source.html.

60. IAEA, 2011: “IAEA International Fact Finding Expert Mission of the Nuclear Accident Following the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami: Preliminary Summary, June 2011,” http://www.iaea.org/newscenter/focus/fukushima/missionsummary010611.pdf.

61. N. Starfelt and C. Wikdahl, undated: “Economic Analysis of Various Options of Electricity Generation—Taking into Account the Health and Environmental Effects,” http://manhaz.cyf.gov.pl/manhaz/strona_konferencja_EAE-2001/15%20-%20Polenp~1.pdf.

62. A. Madrigal, 2011: “25 Other Energy Disasters from the Last Year,” The Atlantic, http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2011/03/25-other-energy-disasters-from-the-last-year/72814/.

63. http://www.foe.co.uk/resource/briefing_notes/nuclear_not_a_solution.pdf.

64. http://www.foe.co.uk/resource/press_releases/nuclear_power_a_dangerous_26032008.html.

65. See Figure 5 and discussion, N. Chapman and C. Curtis, 2006: “Confidence in the Safe Geological Disposal of Radioactive Waste,” post-conference report, http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/webdav/site/GSL/shared/pdfs/our%20views/radwaste/Chapman%20and%20Curtis%20report.pdf.

66. http://www.world-nucleur.org/info/inf04.html.

67. Assuming that each station avoids the emission from a comparable 1-GW coal plant of 6 million tonnes of carbon dioxide per year.

68. http://www.independent.co.uk/environment/green-living/nuclear-poweryes-please-1629327.html.

69. G. Monbiot, 2011: “The Double Standards of Green Anti-nuclear Opponents,” The Guardian, http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/georgemonbiot/2011/mar/31/double-standards-nuclear.

70. Reuters, 2010: “Plans for 150 Coal Plants Scrapped: Sierra Club,” February 7, 2011.

71. Greenpeace International, 2011: “Battle of the Grids,” http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/publications/reports/Battle-of-the-grids/.

7: AEROSOLS

1. K. Wang et al., “Clear Sky Visibility Has Decreased over Land Globally from 1973 to 2007,” Science, 323, 5920, 1468–70.

2. D. Hofmann et al., 2009: “Increase in Background Stratospheric Aerosol Observed with Lidar at Mauna Loa Observatory