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The God Species_ How the Planet Can Survive the Age of Humans - Mark Lynas [147]

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Loss in Coral Reef Builders,” PNAS, 105, 45, 17442–6.

14. J. Hall-Spencer et al., 2008: “Volcanic Carbon Dioxide Vents Show Ecosystem Effects of Ocean Acidification,” Nature, 454, 96–9.

15. D. Manzello et al., 2008: “Poorly Cemented Coral Reefs of the Eastern Tropical Pacific: Possible Insights into Reef Development in a High-CO2 World,” PNAS, 105, 30, 10450–5.

16. R. Rodolfo-Metalpa et al., 2010: “Response of the Temperate Coral Cladocora caespitosa to Mid-and Long-Term exposure to pCO2 and Temperature Levels Projected for the Year 2100 AD,” Biogeosciences, 7, 289–300.

17. J. Silverman et al., 2009: “Coral Reefs May Start Dissolving When Atmospheric CO2 Doubles,” Geophysical Research Letters, 36, L05606.

18. Yamamoto-Kawai et al., cited above.

19. C. Hauri et al., 2009: “Ocean Acidification in the California Current System,” Oceanography, 22, 4, 60–71.

20. P. Brewer and E. Peltzer, 2009: “Oceans: Limits to Marine Life,” Science, 324, 5925, 347–8.

21. A. Moy, et a.l, 2009: “Reduced Calcification in Modern Southern Ocean Planktonic Foraminifera,” Nature Geoscience, 2, 276–80.

22. W. Balch, and P. Utgoff, 2009: “Potential Interactions Among Ocean Acidification, Coccolithophores, and the Optical Properties of Seawater,” Oceanography, 22, 4, 146–59.

23. See, for example, two reports spanning a decade—U. Riebesell et al., 2000: “Reduced Calcification of Marine Plankton in Response to Increased Atmospheric CO2,” Nature, 407, 364–7; and M. Muller et al., 2010: “Effects of Long-Term High CO2 Exposure on Two Species of Coccolithophores,” Biogeosciences, 7, 1109–16.

24. J. Orr, et al., 2005: “Anthropogenic Ocean Acidification over the Twenty-first Century and Its Impact on Calcifying Organisms,” Nature, 437, 681–6.

25. S. Kawaguchi et al., 2010: “Will Krill Fare Well Under Southern Ocean Acidification?,” Biology Letters, in press.

26. P. Brewer and K. Hester, 2009: “Ocean Acidification and the Increasing Transparency of the Ocean to Low-Frequency Sound,” Oceanography, 22, 4, 86–93.

27. P. Munday et al., 2010: “Replenishment of Fish Populations Is Threatened by Ocean Acidification,” PNAS, 107, 29, 12930–4.

28. F. Gazeau et al., 2010: “Effect of Ocean Acidification on the Early Life Stages of the Blue Mussel (Mytilus edulis),” Biogeosciences Discussions, 7, 2927–47.

29. J. Kleypas and K. Yates, 2009: “Coral Reefs and Ocean Acidification,” Oceanography, 22, 4, 108–17.

30. D. Hutchins et al., 2009: “Nutrient Cycles and Marine Microbes in a CO2-enriched Ocean,” Oceanography, 22, 4, 128–45.

31. J. Jackson, 2008: “Ecological Extinction and Evolution in the Brave New Ocean,” PNAS, 105, Supplement 1, 11458–65.

32. J. Veron, 2008: “Mass Extinctions and Ocean Acidification: Biological Constraints on Geological Dilemmas,” Coral Reefs, 27, 3, 459–72.

33. A. Marzoli et al., 2004: “Synchrony of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province and the Triassic–Jurassic Boundary Climatic and Biotic Crisis,” Geology, 32, 11, 973–6.

34. M. Hautmann et al., 2008: “Catastrophic Ocean Acidification at the Triassic-Jurassic Boundary,” Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie—Abhandlungen, 249, 1, 119–27.

35. J. Whiteside et al., 2010: “Compound-Specific Carbon Isotopes from Earth’s Largest Flood Basalt Eruptions Directly Linked to the End-Triassic Mass Extinction,” PNAS, 107, 15, 6721–5.

36. B. van de Schootbrugge et al., 2007: “End-Triassic Calcification Crisis and Blooms of Organic-Walled ‘Disaster Species,’” Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 244, 1–4, 126–41.

37. L. Kump et al., 2009: “Ocean Acidification in Deep Time,” Oceanography, 22, 4, 94–107.

38. M. Medina et al., 2006: “Naked Corals: Skeleton Loss in Scleractinia,” PNAS, 103, 24, 9096–9100.

39. Kump et al., cited above.

40. R. Kerr, 2010: “Ocean Acidification Unprecedented, Unsettling,” Science, 328, 5985, 1500–1.

41. Pelejero et al., cited above.

42. See http://trillionthtonne.org for the latest.

43. W. Kiessling, and C. Simpson, 2010: “On the Potential for Ocean Acidification to Be a General Cause of Ancient Reef Crises,” Global Change Biology, 17, 1,

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