The Happiness Myth_ An Expose - Jennifer Hecht [181]
10. Upton Sinclair, The Autobiography of Upton Sinclair (London: W. H. Allen, 1963), 120.
11. Ellis Parker Butler, “The Bone-Crackers: A Dietetic Comedy in One Act,”Munsey’s Magazine, May 1911, 203–8.
12. Upton Sinclair, The Profits of Religion (1918).
13. Levenstein, Revolution at the Table, 119.
14. Quoted in Gina Kolata, “Which of These Foods Will Stop Cancer? (Not So Fast),” New York Times, Science Times, September 27, 2005. Kolata is a terrific science writer.
15. Carla H. van Gils et al., “Consumption of Vegetables and Fruits and Risk of Breast Cancer,” Journal of the American Medical Association 293 (January 12, 2005): 183–93. The JAMA summary of the article reads: “The intake of vegetables and fruits has been thought to protect against breast cancer. Most of the evidence comes from case-control studies, but a recent pooled analysis of the relatively few published cohort studies suggests no significantly reduced breast cancer risk is associated with vegetable and fruit consumption.” The New York Times’ s brief coverage of the news, a story called, “Eat Your Spinach Anyway,” advises the following: “The study, the largest such to date, began in 1992 with more than 500,000 European participants. But there are plenty of good reasons to eat fruits and vegetables, researchers noted; they can keep the heart healthier and the weight down.” This plays down the study’s amazing news, as if the command had obvious authority, whatever the facts. New York Times, National Briefing, January 12, 2005.
16. Kolata, “Which of These Foods.”
17. Kolata, “Which of These Foods.”
18. Ross L. Prentice et al., “Low-Fat Dietary Pattern and Risk of Invasive Breast Cancer: The Women’s Health Initiative Randomized Controlled Dietary Modification Trial,” Journal of the American Medical Association 295 (February 8, 2006): 629–42; Shirley A. A. Beresford et al., “Low-Fat Dietary Pattern and Risk of Colorectal Cancer,” Journal of the American Medical Association 295 (February 8, 2006): 643–54; Barbara V. Howard et al., “Low-Fat Dietary Pattern and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease,” Journal of the American Medical Association 295 (February 8, 2006): 655–66.
19. Gina Kolata, “Low-Fat Diet Does Not Cut Health Risks, Study Finds,” New York Times, February 8, 2006, 1.
20. Kolata, “Low-Fat Diet,” 1.
CHAPTER 14: EXERCISE
1. Steven Blair, “Physical Fitness and All-Cause Mortality,” Journal of the American Medical Association 26, no. 17 (November 3, 1989): 2395–401.
2. JoAnn E. Manson et al., “A Prospective Study of Walking as Compared with Vigorous Exercise in the Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease in Woman,” New England Journal of Medicine 341 (1999): 650–58, as cited in Gina Kolata, Ultimate Fitness: The Quest for Truth About Exercise and Health (New York: Farrar Straus & Giroux, 2003), 63–64.
3. Elliott J. Gorn, “Sports Through the Nineteenth Century,” in The New American Sport History: Recent Approaches and Perspectives, ed. S. W. Pope (Champaign: Univ. of Illinois Press, 1997), 49. See also Robert Higgs, God in the Stadium: Sports and Religion in America (Lexington: Univ. Press of Kentucky, 1995).
4. Newport Croquet Club Handbook (Newport, RI, 1865).
5. G. Stanley Hall, Adolescence (New York: Appleton, 1904), 2:636, 633. For a discussion of these themes, see Cynthia Eagle Russet, Sexual Science: The Victorian Construction of Womanhood (Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press, 1989).
6. The phrase is from nineteenth-century theorist George Beard. As cited in Russett, Sxual Science, 118.
7. George Beard, American Nervousness (New York: Putnam’s Sons, 1881), 98–99.
8. From “Principles of the American Turners.” The “Principles” appears on the Web sites of the American Turners and in their publications.
9. Kolata, Ultimate Fitness, 47.
10. Kolata, Ultimate Fitness, 48.
11. Jane E. Brody, “Fit Is One Thing; Obsessive Exercise Is Another,” Personal Health, New York Times, August 9, 2005.
12. Kolata, Ultimate Fitness, 262–67.
CHAPTER 15: SEX
1. Onan had a religious duty to impregnate his brother’s widow; he spilled his seed to avoid