The Hemlock Cup - Bettany Hughes [238]
15 For further discussion see George Rudebusch, author of Socrates, Pleasure and Value (1999).
16 Plato, Symposium, 222c.
17 See Kahn (2006), passim, for a discussion of the place of pleasure and rational action in Plato’s Protagoras, e.g., ‘… the attempt to do justice to the deep psychological appeal of hedonism is a major theme of his [Plato’s] life’s work’.
CHAPTER THIRTY-FOUR
The trouble with love
1 Xenophon, Symposium, 4.25–6. Trans. O. J. Todd (1992) [LCL].
2 Xenophon, Memorabilia, 4.5.11. Trans. E. C. Marchant (1992) [LCL].
3 See Xenophon, Symposium, 4.38; Memorabilia, 1.3.14 and 2.1.30.
4 Xenophon, Memorabilia, 2.2.4. Trans. E. C. Marchant (1992) [LCL].
5 Xenophon, Symposium 8.25. Trans. O. J. Todd (1992) [LCL].
6 He happened to be Plato’s uncle (possibly his great-uncle or simply his guardian). You get a sense in the Symposium of what a small world Athens was – men bumping into one another on street corners, related to one another through blood or marriage.
7 Xenophon, Memorabilia, 1.2.30. Trans. E. C. Marchant (1992) [LCL].
8 Critias was killed when the democrats returned in 403 BC – flagging up to us his markedly oligarchic sympathies.
9 Scholium ‘B’. See W. Dindorf, Scholia Graeca in Homeri Odysseam (Oxford, 1855), 152–4, and G. Stallbaum, Eustathii Archiepiscopi Thessalonicensis Commentarii ad Homeri Odysseam (Leipzig, 1825), 130–2. See also E. Kadletz, 1981. www.jstor.org/stable/1509764.
CHAPTER THIRTY-FIVE
Oh, tell me the truth about love
1 Trans. B. Jowett (1953).
2 Plato, Theages, 128b.
3 Xenophon, Symposium, 8.2. Trans. O. J. Todd (1992).
4 See Plato, Symposium, 177d; Charmides, 155c; Xenophon, Symposium, 8.2.
5 This is something that perhaps we have busied out of our lives; but those Greeks who enjoyed many hours of schole each day and whose physical needs and desires were met by others, had time to delight and to wallow in an acute physical and intellectual exploration of Eros’ bitter-sweet gift – in love.
6 Plato, Lysis, 218a–b. Trans. S. Lombardo (1997).
7 Plato, Menexenus, 234c–5b. Trans. R. G. Bury (1929) [LCL].
CHAPTER THIRTY-SIX
Diotima – a very social priestess
1 Trans. T. J. Saunders (1975).
2 Trans. P. Vellacott (1953).
3 There could quite possibly be some wordplay here, as ‘Mantinea’ does sound a little like the Greek for ‘seer’. And ‘Dio-tima’ means ‘she who is honoured by Zeus/honours Zeus’.
4 Special privileges were given to priestesses when addressing the Council or Assembly. See LSCC 102, Lykourgos, On the Priestesses, Frag. 6.4. Some priestess-hoods, e.g., Athena Polias and Demeter and Kore, stay within family dynasties for seven hundred years.
5 Plato, Symposium, 211d–e. Trans. H. N. Fowler (1914) [LCL].
6 Joan Breton Connelly has estimated that women participated in 85 per cent of religious activity in Athens (cf. Blok), and that they were prominent in at least forty cults in the city.
7 The Captive Melanippe, Frag. 494 K. Trans. Helene Foley in Fantham et al. (1994), 95–6. H. van Looy (ed.), Euripide VIII, Fragments (Paris, 2000), 347–96.
8 List taken from p.167 of Connelly (2007).
9 There are fine examples in, e.g., Museum of Kerkyra (Corfu). If you visit this museum do not forget to check out the Archaic pediment that carries what has to be one of the finest and fiercest Gorgon’s heads from antiquity.
10 British Museum 2070 (sceptre) and 1952 (necklace).
11 Cf. Xenophon, Memorabilia, 3.11.
12 List compiled by Joan Breton Connelly. p.46 of Connelly (2007).
13 Pindar, Pythian, 3.31–2, refers to girls singing songs in the evening.
14 Aristophanes, Birds, 873; Wasps, 9; Lysistrata, 387–90.
15 Aristophanes, Lysistrata, 387–8.
16 Arisophanes, Lysistrata, 641–7.
CHAPTER THIRTY-SEVEN
Little Bears
1 Plato, Laws, 833d.
2 Plato, Laws, 774e-5a; see also Aristophanes, Lysistrata, 645, for the origins of the Brauron myth.
3 See Xenophon, specific examples below.
4 Xenophon, Oeconomicus, 3.12–13. Trans. E. C. Marchant (1992) [adapt.] [LCL].
5 Xenophon, Memorabilia, 2.7–9.
6 Plato, Republic, 452a.
7 Xenophon, Oeconomicus, 7.5.