The Indian Ocean - Michael Pearson [225]
3 Himanshu Prabha Ray and Jean-Francois Salles, eds, Tradition and Archeology: Early Maritime Contacts in the Indian Ocean, New Delhi, Manohar, 1996, p. 1.
4 Julian Reade, 'Evolution in Indian Ocean Studies', in J. Reade, ed., Indian Ocean in Antiquity, London, Kegan Paul, 1996, p. 13. For a similar complaint, and solution, concerning Malay history see V.J.H. Houben et al., eds, Looking in Odd Mirrors: the Java Sea, Leiden, University of Leiden, 1992, Introduction, p. viii.
5 Pierre Chaunu, European Expansion in the Later Middle Ages, Amsterdam, North Holland Publishing Co., 1979, p. 218.
6 O.H.K. Spate, The Pacific since Magellan, Canberra, Australian National University Press, 1979–88, 3 vols, I, p. ix.
7 Andre Gunder Frank, ReOrient, Berkeley, University of California Press, 1998.
8 Fernand Braudel, The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II, London, Collins 1972, 2 vols; Peregrine Horden and Nicholas Purcell, The Corrupting Sea: A Study of Mediterranean History, Vol. I, Oxford, Blackwell, 2000.
9 Horden and Purcell, The Corrupting Sea, p. 127.
10 Predrag Matvejevic, Mediterranean: A Cultural Landscape, Berkeley, University of California Press, 1999.
11 Frank Broeze, Island Nation: A History of Australians and the Sea, Sydney, Allen & Unwin 1998; Michel Mollat du Jourdin, Europe and the Sea, Oxford, Blackwell, 1993; Ashin Das Gupta and M.N. Pearson, eds, India and the Indian Ocean, 1500–1800, Calcutta, Oxford University Press, 1987, 2nd ed., New Delhi, Oxford University Press, 1999.
12 Horden and Purcell, The Corrupting Sea, p. 42.
13 Frank Broeze, review of P. Butel, The Atlantic, London, Routledge, 1999, in International Journal of Maritime History, XII, 1, June 2000, pp. 266, 268. For his notions of what maritime history is see Great Circle, Inaugural Newsletter, October 1978, p. 7, and 'From the Periphery to the Mainstream', Great Circle, XI, l, 1989, p. 6.
14 Chaunu, European Expansion, p. 219.
15 The same point has been made about Europe: see David Kirby and Merja-Liisa Hinkkanen, The Baltic and the North Seas, London, Routledge, 2000, p. 58.
16 Braudel, The Mediterranean and The Mediterranean World, p. 276.
17 Horden and Purcell, The Corrupting Sea, p. 523.
18 K.N. Chaudhuri, Trade and Civilization in the Indian Ocean: An Economic History from the Rise of Islam to 1750, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1985, p. 3.
19 K.N. Chaudhuri. 'The Unity and Disunity of Indian Ocean History from the Rise of Islam to 1750: The outline of a theory and historical discourse', Journal of World History, IV, 1, 1993, especially pp. 1, 7.
20 Niels Steensgaard, 'The Indian Ocean Network and the Emerging World-Economy, c. 1500–1750', in Satish Chandra, ed., The Indian Ocean: Explorations in History, Commerce and Politics, New Delhi, Sage, 1987, pp. 127–8.
21 R.J. Barendse, The Arabian Seas, 1640–1700, Leiden, Research School, CNWS, Leiden University,1998, p. 60.
22 R.J. Barendse, 'Trade and State in the Arabian Seas: A Survey from the Fifteenth to the Eighteenth Century', Journal of World History, XI, 2, 2000, p. 173.
23 A.J.R. Russell-Wood, A World on the Move: The Portuguese in Africa, Asia, and America, 1415–1808, New York, St Martin's Press, 1992; Fernand Braudel, Civilization and Capitalism, New York, Harper & Row, 3 vols., 1981–84.
24 Braudel, The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World, pp. 104 et seq., 296–7.
25 Romila Thapar, 'Early Mediterranean Contacts with India: An Overview', in F. De Romanis and A. Tchernia, eds, Crossings, New Delhi, Manohar, 1997, p. 1.
26 Robert Harms Lecture, Brown University, 12 October 2000.
27 James Heimann, 'Small Change and Ballast: Cowry Trade and Usage as an Example of Indian Ocean Economic History', South Asia, n.s. III, 1, 1980, pp. 48–69
28 Jennifer Ackerman, 'New Eyes on the Oceans', National Geographic, October 2000, p. 113.
29 Judith Gabriel, 'Among the Norse Tribes: The Remarkable Account of Ibn Fadlan', Aramco