The Pledge_ A History of the Pledge of Allegiance - Jeffrey Owen Jones [93]
National Association of School Superintendents
National Education Association (NEA)
National Flag Code Committee
National Flag Commission
National Liberty Pole, New Jersey
National Patriotic Instructor
National Prayer Day
national principles, shorthand statement of
National Prohibition Party
nativism
natural selection
Naturalization Act
naturalized citizens’ swearing-in ceremony
Navesink Highlands, New Jersey
Nazi Germany. See also raised-arm salute
NEA. See National Education Association
Neighborhood Guild, New York
New Jersey
The New Republic
New York City
Democratic Party machine
first Columbus Day
Hell’s Kitchen area
September
wealth gap
world’s fair
New York Neighborhood Guild
New York state, flag salute law
Newdow, Michael A.
Nicholls, Carleton, Jr.
Niña, Pinta, and Santa Maria
nonattribution policy
Noonan, Peggy
North American Council for Online Learning
oath of citizenship
Obama, Barack
objections, to Pledge
local court cases
state/U. S. Supreme Court cases
“under God”
ode to American ideals
“one nation, indivisible”
online schooling
“open-door policy”
oratory, as component of American gatherings
Order of Caucasians
Order of Job’s Daughters of Portsmouth
Origin of Species (Darwin)
pacifism
Paige, Rod
Panic of 1873
Parent Teachers Association (PTA)
Paris world’s fair
passport
patriotism
as Companion’s mission
duties of citizenship
flag salute in public schools
as goal of public schools
Harrison on
manual of
“Ritual for Teaching Patriotism in the Public Schools”
after September
Patriotism on Parade (Davies)
Paul, Marilyn
Pennsylvania
“The Perpetuation of Our Political Institutions” (Lincoln)
Perry Mason Company
Petersburg, Alaska
Philadelphia world’s fair
Philippines
The Pledge. See also alterations, to Pledge
“allegiance”
attributed to Upham, J.
authorship battle
Bellamy, F., drafting
critics of/first wave
critics of/second wave
group recitation
immigration angst behind
Jehovah’s Witnesses campaign against
“liberty and justice for all”
“living document”
mere recitation v. meaning
“my flag”
“one nation, indivisible”
passed into law
perfection of
in public schools
“Republic”
Southern ambivalence toward
state statutes for schools
“the flag”
“to the Republic” alteration
voluntary recitation
Pledge laws, democracy and
Plug Uglies
poetry
in American gatherings
in Manual of Patriotism
“The Poetry of Human Brotherhood”
Portuguese Americans
Post, Emily
poverty, laziness equated with
Powell, Garland
prayer
Prevetes, James
Proctor, Edna Dean
Protestantism, in sync with business
psyche, national
Civil War
Cold War
empire-building
flag salute in
ideological messages in Pledge
popular infatuation with industrialization
sense of unity
September 11 impacting
Spanish American War
Vietnam War
World War I
World War II
PTA. See Parent Teachers Association
public education
Columbus and spirit of enlightenment in
duties of citizenship in
flag veneration and
free, as fruit of democracy
intelligent patriotism as goal of
Minersville School District v. Gobitis
NEA
West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette
Public Law
public schools
Balch Salute in
Congress mandates flag salute
Flag Over the Schoolhouse
patriotism as goal of
rituals in
state statutes for flag salute
Public Schools Celebration
publicist, Bellamy, F., as
event marketing
punishment, for refusal to recite Pledge
imprisonment
Puritans
“Pushing the Movement”
Quakers
Quayle, Dan
Rabaut, Louis
racism
Order of Caucasians
slavery
white supremacy laws
radicals, anxiety about
raised-arm salute
Rauschenbusch, Walter
Ravitch, Diane
readings, at American gatherings
Reconstruction
Rehnquist, William
The Religion of Old Glory (Guthrie)
religious devotion, to democracy
religious objections
Render Unto Caesar: The Flag-Salute Controversy (Manwaring)
“Republic”
residency