The Post-American World - Fareed Zakaria [124]
10. This line of reasoning will be familiar to any reader of Jared Diamond’s Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies (New York: W. W. Norton, 2005). David Landes, The Wealth and Poverty of Nations, and Eric Jones, The European Miracle: Environments, Economies, and Geopolitics in the History of Europe and Asia, 3d ed. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003), also consider geography a crucial determinant of societal development.
11. Niall Ferguson, Empire: The Rise and Demise of the British World Order and the Lessons for Global Power (New York: Basic Books, 2004).
12. Quoted in Braj B. Kachru, The Indianization of English: The English Language in India (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1983), 59–60.
13. Max Boot, War Made New: Technology, Warfare, and the Course of History, 1500 to Today (New York: Gotham Books, 2006). In “The West and the Middle East,” Bernard Lewis describes how the effects of military modernization rippled across Ottoman society. Building a more intelligent officer corps meant reforming the educational system, and creating a mobile military meant investing heavily in roads and modern infrastructure. Thus the urge to win battles led to cultural and economic change, too.
14. Samuel P. Huntington, “The West: Unique, Not Universal,” Foreign Affairs 75, no. 6 (Nov./Dec. 1996): 28–46.
15. Kishore Mahbubani, “Will India Emerge as an Eastern or Western Power?” (Center for the Advanced Study of India, Penn Club, New York, Nov. 9, 2006); Indrajit Basu, “Western Wear Rivals the Indian Sari,” Asia Times Online, May 10, 2007.
16. Fabrizio Gilardi, Jacint Jordana, and David Levi-Faur, “Regulation in the Age of Globalization: The Diffusion of Regulatory Agencies across Europe and Latin America,” IBEI Working Paper, 2006:1.
17. Jason Overdorf, “Bigger Than Bollywood,” Newsweek International, Sept. 10, 2007.
18. Christian Caryl, “Turning Un-Japanese,” Newsweek International, Feb. 13, 2006.
19. Diana Crane, “Culture and Globalization: Theoretical Models and Emerging Trends,” in Global Culture: Media, Arts, Policy, and Globalization, ed. Diana Crane, Nobuko Kawashima, and Kenichi Kawasaki (London: Routledge, 2002).
4. The Challenger
1. Robyn Meredith, The Elephant and the Dragon: The Rise of India and China and What It Means for All of Us (New York: W. W. Norton, 2007), 16.
2. Melinda Liu, “Beijing Reborn,” Newsweek International, Aug. 13, 2007.
3. Jun Ma and John Norregaard, China’s Fiscal Decentralization (International Monetary Fund, Oct. 1998).
4. Minxin Pei, China’s Trapped Transition: The Limits of Developmental Autocracy (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2006).
5. Ibid.
6. Pan Yue, deputy head of China’s State Environmental Protection Agency, quoted in Jamil Aderlini and Mure Dickie, “Taking the Waters,” Financial Times, July 24, 2007.
7. Joseph Kahn and Jim Yardley, “As China Roars, Pollution Reaches Deadly Extremes,” New York Times, Aug. 26, 2007.
8. John Thornton, “Long Time Coming: The Prospects for Democracy in China,” Foreign Affairs 87, no. 1 (Jan./Feb. 2008): 2–22.
9. I am grateful to Mr. Lee Kuan Yew for telling me about this series and then arranging for it to be sent to me. One of Singapore’s television stations aired the entire series with English subtitles, so I was able to watch the whole show.
10. Joseph Needham, Within the Four Seas: The Dialogue of East and West (London: Allen & Unwin, 1969), 63.
11. Ibid., 90.
12. Thomas Fuchs, “The European China: Receptions from Leibniz to Kant,” Journal of Chinese Philosophy 33, no. 1 (2006): 43.
13. Email to the author.
14. Robert Gilpin, War and Change in World Politics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981), 94–95.
15. Ernest Harsch, “Big Leap in China-Africa Ties,” Africa Renewal 20, no. 4 (Jan. 2007): 3.
16. Carlos H. Conde, “Asean and China Sign Trade and Services Accord,” International Herald Tribune, Jan. 14, 2007.
17. “Out of Their Silos; China and America,” Economist, June 10, 2006.
18. Joshua Cooper Ramo, “The Beijing Consensus