The Price of Everything - Eduardo Porter [123]
51-54 Do We Know How Much We Are Worth?: The value of an old life versus a young life is debated in Cass Sunstein, “Lives, Life-Years and Willingness to Pay,” University of Chicago John M. Olin Law and Economics Program Working Paper, June 2003; Joseph Aldy and W. Kip Viscusi, “Age Differences in the Value of Statistical Life Revealed Preference Evidence,” Resources for the Future Discussion Paper, April 2007; and John Graham, “Benefit-Cost Methods and Lifesaving Rules,” Memorandum from the White House’s Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs to the President’s Management Council, May 2003. The comparison of the value of a life saved from terrorism with a life saved from a hurricane is in W. Kip Viscusi, “Valuing Risks of Death from Terrorism and Natural Disasters,” Vanderbilt University Law School, Law and Economics Working Paper, March 13, 2009. The assessment of the value of life for the rich and the poor, the white and the black is in Thomas Schelling, op. cit.; W. Kip Viscusi, “Racial Differences in Labor Market Values of a Statistical Life,” Harvard Law School Center for Law, Economics, and Business Discussion Paper (April 2003); James Hammitt and María Eugenia Ibarrarán, “The Economic Value of Reducing Fatal and Non-Fatal Occupational Risks in Mexico City Using Actuarial- and Perceived-Risk Estimates,” Health Economics, Vol. 15, No. 12, 2006, pp. 1329-1335; James Hammitt and Ying Zhou, “The Economic Value of Air-Pollution-Related Health Risks in China: A Contingent Valuation Study,” Environmental and Resource Economics, Vol. 33, No. 3, 2006, pp. 399-423; Cass Sunstein, “Are Poor People Worth Less Than Rich People? Disaggregating the Value of Statistical Lives,” University of Chicago, Olin Law and Economics Program Research Paper, February 2004. Data on deaths on the Titanic is in http://www.ithaca.edu/staff/jhenderson/titanic.html.
54-58 The Price of Health: Data on cervical cancer in Mexico is found in Cristina Gutiérrez-Delgado, Camilo Báez-Mendoza, Eduardo González-Pier, Alejandra Prieto de la Rosa, and Renee Witlen, “Relación costo-efectividad de las intervenciones preventivas contra el cáncer cervical en mujeres mexicanas,” Salud Pública Méx, Vol. 50, No. 2, 2008, pp. 107-118; Olga Georgina Martinez M., “Introducing New Health Commodities into National Programs: Mexico’s Experience with the HPV Vaccine,” Presentation at the Microbicide Access Forum, Mexico City, August 3, 2008; Liliana Alcántara and Thelma Gomez, “Papiloma, Vacuna de la Discordia,” El Universal, March 5, 2009. New Zealand’s policy on vaccines against pneumococcal disease is in Richard Milne, “Economic Evaluation of New Vaccines,” presentation at the New Zealand Immunization Advisory Centre Conference, Te Papa, September 15, 2007. World Health Organization guidelines on the affordability of medical treatment are from http://www.who.int/choice/costs/en/. The discussion about rationing treatment for renal cancer in Britain draws from NICE Technology Appraisal Guidance 169, “Sunitinib for the First-Line Treatment of Advanced and/or Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma,” March 2009; Kate Devlin, “Kidney Cancer Patients Should Get Sutent on the NHS, says NICE,” Daily Telegraph, February 4, 2009; Joseph J. Doyle Jr., “Health Insurance, Treatments and Outcomes: Using Auto Accidents as Health Shocks,” Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 87, No. 2, May 2005, pp. 256-270; Gardiner Harris, “British Balance Benefit vs. Cost of Latest Drugs,” New York Times, December 3, 2008. Health-care spending and health-care outcomes in the United States are discussed in Douglas Elmendorf,