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120, No. 3, August 2005, pp. 963-1002; and Mary Daly and Dan Wilson, “Keeping Up with the Joneses and Staying Ahead of the Smiths: Evidence from Suicide Data,” Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco Working Paper, April 2006. The thesis about how stagnant happiness may confer evolutionary advantages is in Luis Rayo and Gary Becker, “Evolutionary Efficiency and Happiness,” Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 115, No. 2, 2007. Adam Smith’s quote about happiness as deception is in Adam Smith, The Theory of Moral Sentiments, 11th edition (Edinburgh: printed for Cadell and Davies et al., 1812), p. 317. Easterlin’s views about the pointlessness of growth are in Richard Easterlin, “Feeding the Illusion of Growth and Happiness: A Reply to Hagerty and Venhoven,” Social Indicators Research, Vol. 74, No. 3, 2005, pp. 429-443.

73-77 The American Trade-Off: Data on Americans’ stagnant happiness are found in Bruno Frey and Alois Stutzer, “What Can Economists Learn from Happiness Research?” Journal of Economic Literature, Vol. 40, No. 2, June 2002, pp. 402-435; and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, “Society at a Glance,” 2009 edition, p. 121. Evidence on how happiness increases as income rises around the world is in Ronald Inglehart, Roberto Foa, Christopher Peterson, and Christian Welzel, “Development, Freedom, and Rising Happiness, A Global Perspective (1981-2007),” Perspectives on Psychological Science, Vol. 3, No. 4, 2008, pp. 264-285; Ronald Inglehart, Roberto Foa, and Christian Welzel, “Social Change, Freedom and Rising Happiness,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Internet Appendix (www.worldvaluessurveyorg/wvs/articles/folder_published/article_base_106/files/trends .doc. , accessed 08/16/2010); Betsey Stevenson and Justin Wolfers, “Economic Growth and Subjective Well-Being: Reassessing the Easterlin Paradox,” Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Spring 2008; and Daniel Kahneman and Angus Deaton, “High Income Improves Evaluation of Life but Not Emotional WellBeing,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, advance online publication, September 7, 2010 (www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1011492107, accessed 09/07/2010). Data on wealth and happiness in the United States and Europe is found in the International Monetary Fund’s World Economic Outlook of October 2009 (www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2009/02/weodata/index.aspx, accessed 08/16/2010); “L’Opinion publique dans l’Union Européenne—Automne 2009,” Eurobarométre, February 2010 (ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/eb/eb72/eb72_en.htm , accessed 08/16/2010); and General Social Survey (www.norc.org/GSS+Website/Browse+GSS+Variables/Collections/, accessed 08/16/2010). Data on inequality and happiness in the United States come from Claudia Goldin and Lawrence Katz, “Long-Run Changes in the Wage Structure: Narrowing, Widening, Polarizing,” Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Spring 2007); Betsey Stevenson and Justin Wolfers, op. cit.; and OECD, op. cit. The study on Texan women is found in Daniel Kahneman and Alan Krueger, “Developments in the Measurement of Subjective Well-Being,” Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 20, No. 1, Winter 2006, pp. 3-24. The relation between leisure time and happiness in rich nations draws from “Measuring Leisure in OECD Countries,” in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Society at a Glance—OECD Social Indicators 2009 (www.oecd.org/els/social/indicators/SAG, accessed 08/08/2010), pp. 19-41; Rafael Di Tella and Robert MacCulloch, “Gross National Happiness as an Answer to the Easterlin Paradox?,” Journal of Development Economics, Vol. 86, No. 1), pp. 22-42, April 2008. Data on happiness over the life cycle are found in David Blanchflower and Andrew Oswald, “Is Well-being U-shaped over the Life-Cycle?,” Social Science and Medicine, Vol. 66, 2008, pp. 1733-1749. Data on how we work too much, sleep too little, and spend too little time on meals are found in Mathias Basner, Kenneth M. Fomberstein, Farid M. Razavi, Siobhan Banks, Jeffrey H. William, Roger R. Rosa, and David F. Dinges,