The Price of Everything - Eduardo Porter [136]
149-152 Stealing Sneakers: Stan Liebowitz’s analysis of the economics of copyright is found on his Web site at the University of Texas at Dallas (at www.utdallas.edu/~liebowit/, accessed 07/18/2010); Stan Liebowitz, “Testing File-Sharing’s Impact by Examining Record Sales in Cities,” University of Texas at Dallas School of Management, Department of Finance and Managerial Economics Working Paper, April 2006; Stan Liebowitz, “Economists’ Topsy-Turvy View of Piracy,” Review of Economic Research on Copyright Issues, Vol. 2, No. 1, 2005, pp. 5-17. Artists’ reactions to Google’s request for free art is found in Andrew Adam Newman, “Use Their Work Free? Some Artists Say No to Google,” New York Times, June 15, 2009. The story about free lawyers is in Elie Mystal, “It’s Come to This: Unpaid Internships for Lawyers with One-Three Years Experience,” Above the Law, September 30, 2009 (abovethelaw.com/2009/09/its-come-to-this-unpaid-internships-for-lawyers-with-one-three-years-experience/, accessed 07/18/2010). Hal Varian’s suggestion on how newspapers can make money is in Hal R. Varian, “Versioning Information Goods,” University of California Berkeley Working Paper, March 13, 1997. The online pricing strategy of the Newport Daily News in Rhode Island is described in Joseph Tartakoff, “Taking the Plunge: How Newspaper Sites That Charge Are Faring,” Paid Content. org, September 2, 2009 (paidcontent.org/article/419-taking-the-plunge-how-newspaper-sites-that-charge-are-faring/, accessed on 08/16/2010).
152-154 Where Information Goes to Die: Data on music sales in France is in IFPI, “Digital Music Report,” 2009. Experts’ trust in the inevitable demise of copyright is drawn from “The Future of the Internet III,” Pew Internet and American Life Project, December 14, 2008. Tales about the battle against the piracy of sheet music in the nineteenth century are found in Adrian Johns, Piracy: The Intellectual Property Wars from Gutenberg to Gates (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2009), p. 329.
155-162 The Price of Culture: The data on the spread of democracy is drawn from Freedom House, “Democracy’s Century: A Survey of Global Political Change in the 20th Century,” 1999 (http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=70&release=75, accessed 08/09/2010). The data on vote buying in Thailand and São Tomé and Príncipe comes from Frederic Charles Schaffer, “Vote Buying in East Asia,” Transparency International Corruption Report, 2004; Pedro Vicente, “Is Vote Buying Effective? Evidence from a Field Experiment in West Africa,” Oxford University Working Paper, 2007; and Pedro Vicente, “Does Oil Corrupt? Evidence from a Natural Experiment in West Africa,” Oxford University Working Paper, 2006. Tales about vote buying in Britain and the United States in the nineteenth century come from E. Anthony Smith, “Bribery and Disfranchisement: Wallingford Elections, 1820- 1832,” English Historical Review, Vol. 75, No. 297, October 1960, pp. 618-630; Gary Cox and J. Morgan Kousser, “Turnout and Rural Corruption: New York as a Test Case,” American Journal of Political Science, Vol. 25, No. 4, 1981; and David Kirkpatrick, “Does Corporate Money Lead to Political Corruption?,” New York Times, January 23, 2010. The data on campaign spending in the 2008 presidential election in the United States comes from the Center for Responsive Politics (www.opensecrets.org/pres08/index.php, accessed 07/18/2010); and Federal Election Commission, 2008 Official Presidential General Election Results (www.fec.gov/pubrec/fe2008/2008presgeresults.pdf, accessed 07/18/2010). The discussion of the limited returns to contemporary campaign spending is in Steven Levitt, “Using Repeat Challengers to Estimate the Effects of Campaign Spending on Electoral Outcomes in the U.S. House,” Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 102, 1994, pp. 777-798. The comparison between corruption