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’s patent on Il Badalone is in Paul Robert Walker, The Feud That Sparked the Renaissance: How Brunelleschi and Ghiberti Changed the Art World (New York: William Morrow, 2002), pp. 117- 118. Data on the pharmaceutical industry’s investments are in Joseph DiMasi, Ronald Hansen, and Henry Grabowski, “The Price of Innovation: New Estimates of Drug Development Costs,” Journal of Health Economics, Vol. 22, 2003, pp. 151-185. Details of Brazil’s compulsory licensing of antiretroviral drugs are found in “Timeline on Brazil’s Compulsory Licensing,” Program on Information Justice and Intellectual Property, American University, Washington College of Law, April 2008 (www.ggp.up.ac.za/human_rights_access_to_medicines/syllabus/2009/day2/2PIJIPBrazilTimeline.pdf, accessed 08/08/2010). Changes in Indian patent law are described in Donald McNeil Jr., “India Alters Law on Drug Patents,” New York Times, March 24, 2005. The impact of patent expiry on the prices and market share of branded drugs is discussed in Laura Magazzini, Fabio Pammolli, and Massimo Riccaboni, “Dynamic Competition in Pharmaceuticals: Patent Expiry, Generic Penetration, and Industry Structure,” European Journal of Health Economics, Vol. 5, June 2004, pp. 175-182; Frank R. Lichtenberg and Gautier Duflos, “Time Release: The Effect of Patent Expiration on U.S. Drug Prices, Marketing, and Utilization by the Public,” Manhattan Institute Center for Policy Research, Medical Progress Report No. 11, October 2009 (www.manhattan-institute.org/pdf/mpr_11.pdf, accessed 08/08/2010). The impact of patents on the creation and diffusion of innovations is discussed in William Baumol, “Intellectual Property: How the Right to Keep It to Yourself Promotes Dissemination,” Review of Economic Research on Copyright Issues, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 17-23; Steve Lohr, “Now, an Invention Inventors Will Like,” New York Times, September 21, 2009.

144-148 The Case for Bookaneering: Paul McCartney’s quote is found in David Bennahum, The Beatles: After the Break-up: In Their Own Words (London: Omnibus Press, 1991), p. 19. The tale about the origins of copyright in Britain and its controversial application in the United States is drawn from Hal Varian, “Copying and Copyright,” Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 19, No. 2, Spring 2005, pp. 121-138; Robert Spoo, “Ezra Pound’s Copyright Statute: Perpetual Rights and the Problem of Heirs,” UCLA Law Review, Vol. 56, 2009; Charles C. Mann, “The Heavenly Jukebox,” Atlantic Monthly, September 2000; Ezra Pound, “Copyright and Tariff,” New Age, Vol. 23, October 13, 1918, p. 363. Paulo Coelho’s fondness for sharing his books online is discussed in Torrent Freak, “Best-Selling Author Turns Piracy into Profit,” May 12, 2008 (torrentfreak.com/best-selling-author-turns-piracy-into-profit-080512/, accessed 07/18/2010). Analysis of the impact of file sharing on the market for music draws from Rafael Rob and Joel Waldfogel, “Piracy on the High C’s: Music Downloading, Sales Displacement, and Social Welfare in a Sample of College Students,” Journal of Law and Economics, Vol. 49, No. 1, April 2006, pp. 29-62; Alejandro Zentner, “Measuring the Effect of File Sharing on Music Purchases,” Journal of Law and Economics, Vol. 49, No. 1, April 2006; Martin Peitz and Patrick Waelbroeck, “The Effect of Internet Piracy on Music Sales: Cross-Section Evidence,” Review of Economic Research on Copyright Issues, 2004, Vol. 1, No. 2, 2004, pp. 71-79; Sudip Bhattacharjee, Ram Gopal, Kaveepan Lertwachara, James Marsden, and Rahul Telang, “The Effect of Digital Sharing Technologies on Music Markets,” Management Science, Vol. 53, No. 9, September 2007, pp. 1359-1374. The analysis of the impact of music downloads on bands that haven’t yet made the A-list is drawn from Alan Krueger, “The Economics of Real Superstars: The Market for Rock Concerts in the Material World,” Journal of Labor Economics, Vol. 23, January 2005, pp. 1-30; Marie Connolly and Alan Krueger, “Rockonomics: The Economics of Popular Music,” NBER Working Paper, April 2005; “The State of Online Music: Ten Years After Napster,” Pew