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75. T. H. Watkins, Righteous Pilgrim: The Life and Times of Harold L. Ickes, 1874–1952 (New York: Holt, 1990), pp. 9–62.

76. NBC News Address, March 3, 1934, Speeches and Writings, Container 272, Secretary of the Interior File, Harold L. Ickes Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, DC.

77. Watkins, Righteous Pilgrim, p. 135.

78. Theodore Roosevelt to Kermit Roosevelt, September 27, 1912, Theodore Roosevelt Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, DC.

79. Patricia O’Toole, When Trumpets Call: Theodore Roosevelt After the White House (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2006) p. 218; H. W. Brands, T.R.: The Last Romance (New York: Basic Books, 1997), p. 721.

80. Gifford Pinchot to Theodore Roosevelt, October 25, 1912, McGeary, Gifford Pinchot, p. 231.

81. Theodore Roosevelt to Gifford Pinchot, October 29, 1912, ibid.

82. James Chace, 1912: Wilson, Roosevelt, Taft, and Debs—The Election That Changed the Country (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2004), p. 237.

83. Harold L. Ickes, Autobiography of a Curmudgeon (New York: Reynal and Hitchcock, 1943), p. 164.

84. Theodore Roosevelt to Kermit Roosevelt, November 5, 1912, Theodore Roosevelt Papers, Box 3, Library of Congress, Washington, DC.

1. Kris Capps, A Wildlife Guide: Denali National Park and Preserve, Alaska (Santa Barbara, CA: ARA Leisure Services, 1994), p. 6.

2. Tom Walker, McKinley Station: The People of the Pioneer Park That Became Denali (Missoula, MT: Pictoral Histories, 2009), p. ix.

3. Charles Sheldon, The Wilderness of the North Pacific Coast Islands: A Hunter’s Experiences While Searching for Wapiti, Bears, and Caribou on the Larger Coast Islands of British Columbia and Alaska (New York: Scribner, 1912), p. 3.

4. R. O. Polziehn, J. Hamr, F. F. Mallory, and C. Strobeck, “Phylogenetic Status of North American Wapiti (Cervus elaphus) Subspecies,” Canadian Journal of Zoology, Vol. 76 (1998), pp. 998–1010.

5. Maria Pasitschniak-Arts, “Ursus arctos,” Mammalian Species Report, American Society of Mammalogists (April 23, 1993).

6. Thomas McNamee, The Grizzly Bear (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1984), p. 248.

7. Sheldon, The Wilderness of the North Pacific Coast Islands, p. 178.

8. Roderick Frazier Nash, Wilderness and the American Mind, 4th ed. (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2001), p. 285.

9. Neil B. Carmony and David E. Brown (eds.), The Wilderness of the Southwest: Charles Sheldon’s Quest for Desert Bighorn Sheep and Adventures with the Havasupai and Seri Indians (Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1979), pp. xiv–xv.

10. Ibid., p. xxiii.

11. Ibid., p. 204.

12. Theodore Roosevelt, “The American Hunter-Naturalist,” Outlook (December 9, 1911), pp. 854–856.

13. Douglas Brinkley, The Wilderness Warrior: Theodore Roosevelt and the Crusade for America (New York: HarperCollins, 2009), pp. 585–630.

14. James B. Trefethen, An American Crusade for Wildlife (New York: Winchester, 1975), p. 192.

15. Theodore Roosevelt to Charles Sheldon, March 13, 1917, Charles Sheldon Papers, University of Alaska-Fairbanks.

16. Theodore Roosevelt to Charles Sheldon, May 5, 1910, Box 3, Folder 10, Roosevelt Correspondence, 1910–1917, University of Alaska-Fairbanks.

17. Jenks Cameron, The Bureau of Biological Survey (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1929), p. 121.

18. Catherine Cassidy and Gary Titus, Alaska’s No. 1 Guide: The History and Journals of Andrew Berg 1869–1939 (Soldotna, AK: Spruce Tree, 2003), p. 314.

19. Charles Sheldon, The Wilderness of the Upper Yukon: A Hunter’s Explorations for Wild Sheep in Sub-Arctic Mountains (New York: Scribner, 1911), p. 4.

20. James Gore King, Attending Alaska’s Birds: A Wildlife Pilot’s Story (Victoria, BC: Trafford, 2008), p. 166.

21. Margaret E. Murie, Two in the Far North (Anchorage: Alaska Northwest, 1962), p. 274.

22. D. S. Hik, S. J. Hannon, and K. Martin, “Northern Harrier Predation on Willow Ptarmigan,” Wilson Bulletin, Vol. 98, No. 4 (1986), pp. 597–600.

23. William O. Douglas, My Wilderness: The Pacific West (Garden City, NY: Doubleday,