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34. Debbie S. Miller, Midnight Wilderness: Journeys in Alaska’s National Wildlife Refuge (Portland, OR: Alaska Northwest, 2000), p. 172.

35. Kaye, Last Great Wilderness, pp. 119–121.

36. Peter A. Coates, The Trans-Alaska Pipeline Controversy (Anchorage: University of Alaska Press, 1993), p. 92.

37. Miller, Midnight Wilderness, p. 158.

38. Ibid., p. 174.

39. Clarence J. Rhode to Olaus Murie, May 21, 1957, Margaret Murie Papers, Box 2, Folder 18.

40. Kaye, Last Great Wilderness, p. 83.

41. Margaret Murie, Two in the Far North (Anchorage: Alaska Northwest, 1962), p. 357.

42. Miller, Midnight Wilderness, p. 170.

43. John M. Kauffmann, Alaska’s Brooks Range: The Ultimate Mountains (Seattle, WA: Mountaineers, 2005), p. 102. See also Kaye, Last Great Wilderness, pp. 121–125.

44. Elaine Rhode, National Wildlife Refuges of Alaska (Anchorage: Alaska Natural History Association, 2003), p. 20.

45. Neil M. Maher, Nature’s New Deal: The Civilian Conservation Corps and the Roots of the American Environmental Movement (New York: Oxford University Press, 2008), p. 5.

46. Miller, Midnight Wilderness, p. 172.

47. Kaye, Last Great Wilderness, p. 132.

48. William O. Douglas, My Wilderness: The Pacific West (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1968), pp. 16–17.

49. Gerald E. Bowke, Reaching for a Star: The Final Campaign for Alaskan Statehood (Fairbanks, AK: Epicenter, 1989).

50. Kaye, Last Great Wilderness, p. 138.

51. Dermot Cole, “The Road to Alaska’s Statehood,” in Alaska 50: Celebrating Alaska’s 50th Anniversary of Statehood 1959–2009 (Tampa, FL: Faircount Media Group, 2008), p. 19.

52. Ross Coen, “Eisenhower Was Reluctant Supporter of Alaska Statehood,” Anchorage Daily News, July 6, 2008.

53. Claus-M. Naske and Herman E. Slotnick, Alaska: A History of the 49th State (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1979), p. 174.

54. Miller, Midnight Wilderness, p. 155.

55. Kaye, Last Great Wilderness, p. 151.

56. John A. Murray, The Mountain Reader (Old Saybrook, CT: Globe Pequot, 2000), p. 110.

57. Ansel Adams to J. F. Carithers, December 19, 1959. Personal papers of Douglas Carithers, Tucson, AZ.

1. William O. Douglas, “Foreword,” in Farewell to Texas: A Vanishing Wilderness (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1967).

2. William O. Douglas, My Wilderness: The Pacific West (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1968), p. 94.

3. Ibid., pp. 30–31.

4. William O. Douglas, A Wilderness Bill of Rights (New York: Little, Brown, 1965), p. 86.

5. James F. Simon, Independent Journey (London: Penguin, 1981), p. 328. (Originally published New York: Harper and Row, 1980.)

6. Author interview with Ethel Kennedy, June 20, 2010.

7. Terry Tempest Williams, The Open Space of Democracy (Barrington, MA: Orion Society, 2004).

8. William H. Rodgers Jr., “The Fox and the Chickens: Mr. Justice Douglas and Environmental Law,” in He Shall Not Pass This Way Again: The Legacy of William O. Douglas (Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1990), pp. 48–219.

9. Celia Hunter, “Statement: Before the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce,” October 20, 1954, Arctic Wildlife Range–Alaska.

10. Author interview with Virginia Wood, June 18, 2010.

11. Ibid.

12. Alaska Conservation Society Newsletter, No. 1 (March 1960).

13. Virginia Wood testifying on behalf of Alaskan wilderness preservation, quoted in Roger Kaye, Last Great Wilderness (Anchorage: University of Alaska Press, 2006), p. 196.

14. David Backes, The Life of Sigurd F. Olson (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1997), pp. 298–299.

15. Sigurd F. Olson, “Alaska’s Land and Scenic Grandeur,” Living Wilderness (Winter 1971–1972).

16. Backes, The Life of Sigurd F. Olson, p. 298.

17. Author interview with Virginia Wood, June 16, 2010.

18. Kaye, Last Great Wilderness, p. 202.

19. “Governor’s Office—News Release,” September 26, 1960. Alaska Conservation Society Papers, Box 57, Folder 623, Fairbanks, AK.

20. David L. Spencer, Claus-M.