The Rational Optimist_ How Prosperity Evolves - Matt Ridley [184]
p. 152 ‘the use of insecticides is down by as much as 80 per cent’. Marvier M., McCreedy, C., Regetz, J. and Kareiva, P. 2007. A meta-analysis of effects of Bt cotton and maize on nontarget invertebrates. Science 316:1475–7; also Wu, K.-M. et al. 2008. Suppression of cotton bollworm in multiple crops in China in areas with Bt Toxin-containing cotton. Science 321:1676–8 (doi: 10.1126/science.1160550).
p. 152 ‘the leaders of the organic movement locked themselves out of a new technology’. Ronald, P.C. and Adamchak, R.W. 2008. Tomorrow’s Table: Genetics, and the Future of Food. Oxford University Press.
p. 152 ‘the amount of pesticide not used because of genetic modification at over 200 million kilograms of active ingredients’. Miller, J.K. and Bradford, K.J. 2009. The pipeline of transgenic traits in specialty crops. Unpublished paper, Kent Bradford.
p. 152 ‘writes the Missouri farmer Blake Hurst’. Hurst, B. 2009. The omnivore’s delusion: against the agri-intellectuals. The American, journal of the American Enterprise Institute. 30 July 2009. http://www.american.com/archive/2009/july/the-omnivore2019s-delusion-against-the-agri-intellectuals.
p. 152 ‘Silent Spring’. Carson, R. 1962. Silent Spring. Houghton Mifflin.
p. 153 ‘These mutations were selected, albeit inadvertently’. Doebley, J. 2006. Unfallen grains: how ancient farmers turned weeds into crops. Science 312:1318–19.
p. 153 ‘DNA sequences borrowed from mosses and algae’. Richardson, A.O. and Palmer, J.D. 2006. Horizontal gene transfer in plants. Journal of Experimental Botany 58:1–9.
p. 153 ‘DNA has even been caught jumping naturally from snakes to gerbils with the help of a virus.’ Piskurek, O. and Okada, N. 2007. Poxviruses as possible vectors for horizontal transfer of retroposons from reptiles to mammals. PNAS 29:12046–51.
p. 154 ‘Only in parts of Europe and Africa were these crops denied to farmers and consumers’. Brookes, G. and Barfoot, P. 2007. Global impact of GM crops: socio-economic and environmental effects in the first ten years of commercial use. AgBioForum 9:139–51.
p. 154 ‘what Stewart Brand calls their “customary indifference to starvation”’. Brand, S. 2009. Whole Earth Discipline. Penguin.
p. 154 ‘Robert Paarlberg writes’. Paarlberg, R. 2008. Starved for Science. Harvard University Press.
p. 154 ‘Ingo Potrykus thinks’. Potrykus, I. 2006. Economic Times of India, 26 December 2005. Reprinted at http://www.fighting diseases.org/main/articles.php?articles_id=568.
p. 154 ‘Or as the Kenyan scientist Florence Wambugu puts it’. Quoted in Brand, S. 2009. Whole Earth Discipline. Penguin.
pp. 154–5 ‘Per capita food production in Africa has fallen 20 per cent in thirty-five years’. Collier, P. 2008. The politics of hunger: how illusion and greed fan the food crisis. Foreign Affairs November/December 2008.
p. 155 ‘Field trials begin in Kenya in 2010 of drought-resistant and insect-resistant maize’. Muthaka, B. 2009. GM maize for local trials. Daily Nation (Nairobi), 17 June 2009.
p. 156 ‘For example, modern plant oils and plentiful red meat make for a diet low in omega-3 fatty acids’. Morris, C.E. and Sands, D. 2006. The breeder’s dilemma: resolving the natural conflict between crop production and human nutrition. Nature Biotechnology 24: 1078-80.
p. 156 ‘The Indian activist Vandana Shiva’. Quoted in Avery, D.T. 2000. What do environmentalists have against golden rice? Center for Global Food Issues, http://www.cgfi.org/materials/articles/2000/mar_7_00.htm. See also www.goldenrice.org for more of the shocking story of opposition to this humanitarian project.
Chapter 5
p. 157 ‘Imports are Christmas morning; exports are January’s MasterCard bill.’ O’Rourke, P.J. 2007. On The Wealth of Nations. Atlantic Monthly Press.
p. 157 Death rates from water-related disease graph. Goklany, I. 2009. Electronic Journal of Sustainable Development. www.ejsd.org.
p. 158 ‘A modern combine harvester, driven by a single man, can reap enough wheat in a single day to make half a million loaves.’ Half a kilogram of flour per