The Rational Optimist_ How Prosperity Evolves - Matt Ridley [190]
p. 213 Metal prices relative to US wages graph. Goklany, I. 2009. Electronic Journal of Sustainable Development. www.ejsd.org.
p. 214 ‘Writes the economist Don Boudreaux’. http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/opinion/columnists/boudreaux/s_304437.html.
p. 215 ‘In England, horses were 20 per cent of draught animals in 1086’. Fouquet, R. and Pearson, P.J.G. 1998. A thousand years of energy use in the United Kingdom. Energy Journal 19:1–41.
p. 215 ‘one for every fifty people in southern England’. Mokyr, J. 1990. Lever of Riches. Oxford University Press.
p. 215 ‘At Clairvaux’. The abbot of Clairvaux is quoted in Gimpel, J. 1976. The Medieval Machine. Penguin.
pp. 215–16 ‘peat gave the Dutch their chance’. De Zeeuw, J.W. 1978. Peat and the Dutch golden age. See http://www.peatandculture.org/documenten/Zeeuw.pdf.
p. 218 ‘In Gregory King’s survey of the British population in 1688’. Kealey, T. 2008. Sex, Science and Profits. William Heinemann.
p. 218 ‘Even farm labourers’ income rose during the industrial revolution’. Clark, G. 2007. A Farewell to Alms. Princeton University Press.
p. 218 ‘a patent for a hand-driven linen spinning machine from 1678’. Friedel, R. 2007. A Culture of Improvement. MIT Press.
p. 218 ‘The average Englishman’s income, having apparently stagnated for three centuries, began to rise around 1800’. This is Clark’s estimate. Others argue that because of the rapidly falling prices of goods like sugar, the purchasing power of average income was rising steadily in the 1700s. See Clark, G. 2007. A Farewell to Alms. Princeton University Press.
p. 219 ‘Here are three anecdotes’. The first case comes from an unpublished history of the village of Stannington written by my grandmother and others in the 1950s. The other two cases are cited in Rivoli, P. 2005. The Travels of a T-shirt in the Global Economy. John Wiley.
p. 221 A famous print entitled ‘The Distinguished Men of Science of Great Britain Living in the Year 1807-8’. The print was published alongside a book edited and published by William Walker, Memoirs of the Distinguished Men of Science of Great Britain Living in the Year 1807–08.
pp. 221–2 ‘like Gordon Moore and Robert Noyce, Steve Jobs and Sergey Brin, Stanley Boyer and Leroy Hood’. Moore founded Intel, Noyce the microchip, Jobs Apple, Brin Google, Boyer Genentech, Hood Applied Biosystems.
p. 222 ‘explained one Hungarian liberal’. Gergely Berzeviczy, quoted in Blanning, T. 2007. The Pursuit of Glory. Penguin.
p. 222 ‘France, three times as populous as England, was “cut up by internal customs barriers into three major trade areas”’. Landes, D.S. 2003. The Unbound Prometheus: Technological Change and Industrial Development in Western Europe from 1750 to the Present. 2nd edition. Cambridge University Press.
p. 222 ‘Spain was “an archipelago, islands of local production and consumption, isolated from each other by centuries of internal tariffs”.’ John Lynch, quoted in Blanning, T. 2007. The Pursuit of Glory. Penguin.
p. 223 ‘a “glorious revolution” against James II’s arbitrary government’. Jardine, L. 2008. Going Dutch. Harper.
p. 223 ‘this was not a bad place to start or expand a business in say 1700’. Baumol, W. 2002. The Free-market Innovation Machine. Princeton University Press.
p. 223 ‘says David Landes’. Landes, D.S. 2003. The Unbound Prometheus: Technological Change and Industrial Development in Western Europe from 1750 to the Present. 2nd edition. Cambridge University Press.
p. 224 ‘says Robert Friedel’. Friedel, R. 2007. A Culture of Improvement. MIT Press.
p. 224 ‘writes Neil McKendrick’. Quoted in Blanning, T. 2007. The Pursuit of Glory. Penguin.
p. 224 ‘Daniel Defoe, writing in 1728’. Quoted in Mokyr, J. 1990. Lever of Riches. Oxford University Press; Friedel, R. 2007. A Culture of Improvement. MIT Press.
p. 225 ‘it was by copying these Oriental imports that the industrialists got started’. Mokyr, J. 1990. Lever of Riches. Oxford University