The Rational Optimist_ How Prosperity Evolves - Matt Ridley [206]
p. 352 ‘said H.G. Wells’. Wells, H.G. ‘The Discovery of the Future’ Lecture at the Royal Institution, 24 January 1902, published in Nature 65:326–31. Reproduced with the permission of AP Watt Ltd on behalf of the Literary Executors of the Estate of H.G. Wells.
p. 354 ‘As Paul Romer puts it’. Quotes are from Romer, P. ‘Economic growth’ in the Concise Encyclopedia of Economics (edited by David R Henderson, published by Liberty Fund); and Romer, P. 1994. New goods, old theory, and the welfare costs of trade restrictions. Journal of Development Economics 43:5–38.
p. 355 ‘the world economy will be doubling in months or even weeks’. Hanson, R. 2008. Economics of the Singularity. IEEE Spectrum (June 2008) 45:45–50.
p. 355 ‘a technological “singularity”’. This notion has been explored by Vernor Vinge and Ray Kurzweil. See Kurzweil, R. 2005. The Singularity Is Near. Penguin.
p. 355 ‘says Stephen Levy.’ Levy, S. 2009. Googlenomics. Wired, June 2009.
p. 356 ‘says the author Clay Shirky’. Shirky, C. 2008. Here Comes Everybody. Penguin.
p. 356 ‘Says Kevin Kelly’. Kelly, K. 2009. The new socialism. Wired, June 2009.
p. 358 ‘The wrong kind of chiefs, priests and thieves could yet snuff out future prosperity on earth.’ Meir Kohn has written eloquently on this point. See www.dartmouth.edu/~mkohn/Papers/lessons% 201r3.pdf.
p. 359 ‘Said Lord Macaulay’. Macaulay, T.B. 1830. Southey’s Colloquies on Society. Edinburgh Review, January 1830.
p. 359 ‘In Thornton Wilder’s play The Skin of Our Teeth’. Wilder, T. 1943. The Skin of Our Teeth. HarperCollins.
Index
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Abbasids 161, 178
Abelard, Peter 358
aborigines (Australian): division of labour 62, 63, 76; farming 127; technological regress 78–84; trade 90–91, 92
abortion, compulsory 203
Abu Hureyra 127
Acapulco 184
accounting systems 160, 168, 196
Accra 189
Acemoglu, Daron 321
Ache people 61
Acheulean tools 48–9, 50, 275, 373
Achuar people 87
acid rain 280, 281, 304–6, 329, 339
acidification of oceans 280, 340–41
Adams, Henry 289
Aden 177
Adenauer, Konrad 289
Aegean sea 168, 170–71
Afghanistan 14, 208–9, 315, 353
Africa: agriculture 145, 148, 154–5, 326; AIDS epidemic 14, 307–8, 316, 319, 320, 322; colonialism 319–20, 321–2; demographic transition 210, 316, 328; economic growth 315, 326–8, 332, 347; international aid 317–19, 322, 328; lawlessness 293, 320; life expectancy 14, 316, 422; per capita income 14, 315, 317, 320; poverty 314–17, 319–20, 322, 325–6, 327–8; prehistoric 52–5, 65–6, 83, 123, 350; property rights 320, 321, 323–5; trade 187–8, 320, 322–3, 325, 326, 327–8; see also individual countries
African-Americans 108
agricultural employment: decline in 42–3; hardships of 13, 219–20, 285–6
agriculture: early development of 122–30, 135–9, 352, 387, 388; fertilisers, development of 135, 139–41, 142, 146, 147, 337; genetically modified (GM) crops 28, 32, 148, 151–6, 283, 358; hybrids, development of 141–2, 146, 153; and trade 123, 126, 127–33, 159, 163–4; and urbanisation 128, 158–9, 163–4, 215; see also farming; food supply
Agta people 61–2
aid, international 28, 141, 154, 203, 317–19, 328
AIDS 8, 14, 307–8, 310, 316, 319, 320, 322, 331, 353
AIG (insurance corporation) 115
air conditioning 17
air pollution 304–5
air travel: costs of 24, 37, 252, 253; speed of 253
aircraft 257, 261, 264, 266
Akkadian empire 161, 164–5
Al-Ghazali 357
Al-Khwarizmi, Muhammad ibn Musa 115
Al-Qaeda 296
Albania 187
Alcoa (corporation) 24
Alexander the Great 169, 171
Alexander, Gary 295
Alexandria 171, 175, 270
Algeria 53, 246, 345
alphabet, invention of 166, 396
Alps 122, 178
altruism 93–4, 97
aluminium 24, 213, 237, 303
Alyawarre aborigines 63
Amalfi 178
Amazon (corporation) 21, 259, 261
Amazonia 76, 138, 145, 250–51
amber 71, 92
ambition 45–6, 351
Ames, Bruce 298–9
Amish people 211
ammonia 140, 146
Amsterdam 115–16, 169, 259, 368
Amsterdam