The Red Queen_ Sex and the Evolution of Human Nature - Matt Ridley [177]
41 Wilson and Daly 1992.
42 Wilson and Daly 1992.
43 Thornhill and Thornhill 1983,1989; Posner 1992.
44 Gaulin and Schlegel 1980; Wilson and Daly 1992; Regalski and Gaulin 1992.
45 A. Fraser, personal communication.
46 Malinowski 1927.
47 Wilson and Daly 1992.
48 French revolutionary law, quoted in translation by Wilson and Daly 1992.
49 Alexander 1974; Kurland 1979.
50 Betzig 1992a.
51 Voland 1988, 1992.
52 Boone 1988.
53 Darwin 1803.
54 Betzig 1992a.
55 Betzig 1992a.
56 Betzig 1992a.
57 Thornhill 1990.
58 Thornhill 1990.
59 Kitcher 1985; Vining 1986.
60 Perusse 1992.
61 W. Irons, interview; N. Polioudakis, interview.
CHAPTER EIGHT: Sexing the Mind
1 Gaulin and Fitzgerald 1986; Jacobs, Gaulin, Sherry and Hoffman 1990.
2 Konner 1982.
3 Darwin 1871.
4 Silverman and Eals 1992.
5 Maccoby and Jacklin 1974; Daly and Wilson 1983; Moir and Jessel 1991.
6 M. Bailey, interview.
7 Gaulin and Hoffman 1988.
8 Silverman and Eals 1992.
9 Wilson 1975; Kingdon 1993.
10 Daly and Wilson 1983.
11 Symons 1979.
12 Hudson and Jacot 1991.
13 Tannen 1990.
14 Gaulin and Hoffman 1988.
15 Maccoby and Jacklin 1974; Ehrhardt and Meyer-Bahlburg 1981; Rossi 1985; Moir and Jessel 1991.
16 Moir and Jessel 1991.
17 McGuinness 1979.
18 McGuinness 1979.
19 Imperato-McGinley, Peterson, Gautier and Sturla 1979.
20 Daly and Wilson 1983; Moir and Jessel 1991.
21 Hoyenga and Hoyenga 1980.
22 Tannen 1990.
23 Tiger and Shepher 1977; Daly and Wilson 1983; Moir and Jessel 1991.
24 Fisher 1992.
25 Interviewed in the Sunday Times (London), 7 June 1992.
26 Dörner 1985, 1989; M. Bailey, interview; Le Vay 1992.
27 M. Bailey, interview, D. Hamer, interview.
28 Dickemann 1992.
29 Symons 1987.
30 Thornhill 1989a.
31 Buss 1989, 1992.
32 Ellis 1992.
33 Buss 1989,1992.
34 Kenrick and Keefe 1989.
35 Ellis and Symons 1990.
36 Ellis and Symons 1990.
37 Symons 1987.
38 Mosher and Abramson 1977.
39 Ellis and Symons 1990.
40 Alatalo, Höglund and Lundberg 1991.
41 Fisher 1992.
42 Symons 1989.
43 Brown 1991.
44 Wilson 1978.
45 Tooby and Cosmides 1989.
46 Moir and Jessel 1991.
CHAPTER NINE: The Uses of Beauty
1 M. Bailey, interview; F. Whitam, interview; D. Hammer, interview; Le Vay 1993.
2 Freud 1913.
3 Westermarck 1891.
4 Wolf 1966, 1970; Degler 1991.
5 Daly and Wilson 1983.
6 Shepher 1983.
7 Thornhill 1989b.
8 Thorpe 1954, 1961.
9 Marler and Tamura 1964.
10 Slater 1983.
11 Seid 1989.
12 Washington Post, 28 July 1992.
13 Frisch 1988; Anderson and Crawford 1992.
14 Smuts 1993.
15 Elder 1969; Buss 1992.
16 Ellis 1992.
17 Fisher 1930.
18 D. Singh, interview.
19 Low, Alexander and Noonan 1987; Leakey and Lewin 1992; D. Singh, interview.
20 Ellis 1905.
21 The same idea – that fair hair is a sexually selected trait – has been put forward by Jonathan Kingdon recently: see Kingdon 1993.
22 Kingdon 1993.
23 This is a further reason that I am not convinced by Helen Fisher’s (1992) theory that human pair bonds lasted about four years on average.
24 R. Thornhill, interview.
25 Galton 1883.
26 See ‘No better than average’ by M. Ridley, Science, Volume 257, p. 328.
27 Dickemann 1979.
28 Buss 1992; Gould and Gould 1989.
29 Berscheid and Walster 1974; Gillis and Avis 1980; Ellis 1992; Shellberg 1992.
30 Sadalla, Kenrick and Vershure 1987; Ellis 1992.
31 Sadalla, Kenrick and Vershure 1987.
32 Daly and Wilson 1983.
33 Ellis 1992. The other facts in this paragraph are from Trivers 1985; Ford and Beach 1951; Pratto, Sidanius and Stallworth 1992; and Buss 1989.
34 Bell 1976.
35 Symons 1992; R. Alexander, interview.
36 Fallon and Rozin 1985.
37 Ellis 1905.
38 Low 1979.
39 Bell 1976.
40 Darwin 1871.
41 B. Ellis, interview.
CHAPTER TEN: The Intellectual Chess Game
1 Connor, Smolker and Richards 1992 argue that the social complexity of dolphin species roughly correlates with brain size. Bottlenose dolphins seem to be the most socially complex, and most large-brained species of all.
2 Johansen and Edey 1981.
3 Tooby and Cosmides 1992.
4 Bloom 1992; Pinker and Bloom 1992.
5 Gould