The Scottish Philosophy [1]
with the characteristic sentiments of my native land. I have farther tried to make my work a contribution to what {iv} may be regarded as a new department of science, the history of thought, which is quite as important as the history of wars, of commerce, of literature, or of civilization.
Some of these articles have appeared in the "North British Review," the "British and Foreign Evangelical Review," and the "Dublin University Magazine; " but the greater number are now given to the public for the first time, and all of them have been rewritten. J. MCC. P/RINCETON\, New Jersey, October, 1874.
{v}
CONTENTS. 1. Characteristics Of The School -- 1 2. State Of Scotland -- 11 3. Precursors Of The School -- 22 4. Shaftesbury, 1671-1713 -- 29 5. Gershom Carmichael, 1672-1729 -- 36 6. Andrew Baxter, 1636-1750 42 7. Francis Hutcheson, 1694-1746 -- 49 8. Religious Conflicts-Ralph Erskine -- 86 9. Archibald Campbell Died 1756 -- 89 10. Alexander Moncrieff, Died 1761 -- 90 11. Rise: Of The Aberdeen Branch -- 91 12. George Turnbull, 1698-1748 -- 95 13. David Fordyce, 1711-1751 -- 106 14. William Duncan, 1717-1760 -- 107 15. John Stevenson, 1694-1775 -- 107 16. Sir John Pringle, 1707-1782 -- 109 17. Thomas Boston -- 109 18. David Dudgeon, 1706-1743 -- 111 19. David Hume, 1711-1776 -- 113 20. Books Advertised In "Scot's Magazine" -- 161 21. Adam Smith, 1723-1790 -- 162 22. Henry Home (Lord Kames), 1696-1732 -- 173 23. American Philosophy-John Witherspoon, 1722-1794 -- 183 24. James Balfour, 1705-1795 -- 190 25. Alexander Gerard, 1728-1795 -- 191 26. Thomas Reid, 1710-1796 -- 192 27. The Aberdeen Philosophical Society -- 227 28. James Oswald, Died 1793 -- 229 29. James Beattie, 1735-1802 -- 230 30. George Campbell, 1719-1796 -- 239 31. James Burnett (Lord Monboddo), 1714-1799 -- 245 32. Adam Ferguson, 1723-1816 -- 255 33. James Hutton, 1726-1797 -- 261 34. John Gregory, 1724-1773 -- 263 35. James Gregory, 1753-1821 -- 264 36. Alexander Crombie, 1760-1842 -- 265 37. Archibald Arthur, 1774-1797 -- 266 38. John Bruce, 1744-1826 -- 267 39. Review Of The Century -- 267 40. Dugald Stewart, 1753-1828 -- 275 41. William Lawrence Brown, 1755-1830 -- 307 42. Archibald Alison, 1757-1839 -- 308 43. George Jardine, 1742-1827 -- 316 44. Thomas Brown, 1773-1820 -- 317 45. Francis Jeffrey, 1773-1850 -- 337 46. Sir James Mackintosh, 1765-1832 -- 346 47. Henry Lord Brougham, 1779-1868 -- 360 48. James Mylne, Died 1839 -- 364 49. John Young, 1781-1829 -- 367 50. William Cairns, 1780-1848 -- 369 51. James Mill, 1773-1836 -- 370 52. John Ballantyne, 1778-1830 -- 388 53. Thomas Chalmers, 1780-1847 -- 393 54. John Abercrombie, 1780-1844 -- 406 55. David Welsh, 1793-1845 -- 408 56. John Wilson, 1785-1853 -- 410 57. Sir William Hamilton, 1791-1856 -- 415 58. The Metaphysics Of The Future -- 434
APPENDIX. 1. Ms. Letters Of Francis Hutcheson -- 463 2. Questions In The Philosophical Society Of Aberdeen -- 467 3. Mss. Papers By Reid -- 473
INDEX -- 477
THE SCOTTISH PHILOSOPHY. I.-- CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SCHOOL. T/HE\ Germans have histories without number of their philosophy from Kant to Hegel, with not a few historical reviews of the later speculations. The French, too, have numerous sketches of the philosophy of their country generally, and of individual systems, such as that of Descartes. It is no way to the credit of British thought, and least of all to that of the Scotch metaphysicians, that we have not in our language a history of the Scottish school of philosophy. There are valuable notices of it, it is true, in Dugald Stewart's Historical Dissertation, and in his Eloges of Reid and Adam Smith; but Stewart is far too dignified and general in his style to be able to give an articulate account of the special doctrines of the different masters of the school, or a vivid picture of the times, with many of the marked characteristics of which he had no sympathy. The best history of the Scottish
Some of these articles have appeared in the "North British Review," the "British and Foreign Evangelical Review," and the "Dublin University Magazine; " but the greater number are now given to the public for the first time, and all of them have been rewritten. J. MCC. P/RINCETON\, New Jersey, October, 1874.
{v}
CONTENTS. 1. Characteristics Of The School -- 1 2. State Of Scotland -- 11 3. Precursors Of The School -- 22 4. Shaftesbury, 1671-1713 -- 29 5. Gershom Carmichael, 1672-1729 -- 36 6. Andrew Baxter, 1636-1750 42 7. Francis Hutcheson, 1694-1746 -- 49 8. Religious Conflicts-Ralph Erskine -- 86 9. Archibald Campbell Died 1756 -- 89 10. Alexander Moncrieff, Died 1761 -- 90 11. Rise: Of The Aberdeen Branch -- 91 12. George Turnbull, 1698-1748 -- 95 13. David Fordyce, 1711-1751 -- 106 14. William Duncan, 1717-1760 -- 107 15. John Stevenson, 1694-1775 -- 107 16. Sir John Pringle, 1707-1782 -- 109 17. Thomas Boston -- 109 18. David Dudgeon, 1706-1743 -- 111 19. David Hume, 1711-1776 -- 113 20. Books Advertised In "Scot's Magazine" -- 161 21. Adam Smith, 1723-1790 -- 162 22. Henry Home (Lord Kames), 1696-1732 -- 173 23. American Philosophy-John Witherspoon, 1722-1794 -- 183 24. James Balfour, 1705-1795 -- 190 25. Alexander Gerard, 1728-1795 -- 191 26. Thomas Reid, 1710-1796 -- 192 27. The Aberdeen Philosophical Society -- 227 28. James Oswald, Died 1793 -- 229 29. James Beattie, 1735-1802 -- 230 30. George Campbell, 1719-1796 -- 239 31. James Burnett (Lord Monboddo), 1714-1799 -- 245 32. Adam Ferguson, 1723-1816 -- 255 33. James Hutton, 1726-1797 -- 261 34. John Gregory, 1724-1773 -- 263 35. James Gregory, 1753-1821 -- 264 36. Alexander Crombie, 1760-1842 -- 265 37. Archibald Arthur, 1774-1797 -- 266 38. John Bruce, 1744-1826 -- 267 39. Review Of The Century -- 267 40. Dugald Stewart, 1753-1828 -- 275 41. William Lawrence Brown, 1755-1830 -- 307 42. Archibald Alison, 1757-1839 -- 308 43. George Jardine, 1742-1827 -- 316 44. Thomas Brown, 1773-1820 -- 317 45. Francis Jeffrey, 1773-1850 -- 337 46. Sir James Mackintosh, 1765-1832 -- 346 47. Henry Lord Brougham, 1779-1868 -- 360 48. James Mylne, Died 1839 -- 364 49. John Young, 1781-1829 -- 367 50. William Cairns, 1780-1848 -- 369 51. James Mill, 1773-1836 -- 370 52. John Ballantyne, 1778-1830 -- 388 53. Thomas Chalmers, 1780-1847 -- 393 54. John Abercrombie, 1780-1844 -- 406 55. David Welsh, 1793-1845 -- 408 56. John Wilson, 1785-1853 -- 410 57. Sir William Hamilton, 1791-1856 -- 415 58. The Metaphysics Of The Future -- 434
APPENDIX. 1. Ms. Letters Of Francis Hutcheson -- 463 2. Questions In The Philosophical Society Of Aberdeen -- 467 3. Mss. Papers By Reid -- 473
INDEX -- 477
THE SCOTTISH PHILOSOPHY. I.-- CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SCHOOL. T/HE\ Germans have histories without number of their philosophy from Kant to Hegel, with not a few historical reviews of the later speculations. The French, too, have numerous sketches of the philosophy of their country generally, and of individual systems, such as that of Descartes. It is no way to the credit of British thought, and least of all to that of the Scotch metaphysicians, that we have not in our language a history of the Scottish school of philosophy. There are valuable notices of it, it is true, in Dugald Stewart's Historical Dissertation, and in his Eloges of Reid and Adam Smith; but Stewart is far too dignified and general in his style to be able to give an articulate account of the special doctrines of the different masters of the school, or a vivid picture of the times, with many of the marked characteristics of which he had no sympathy. The best history of the Scottish