The Secret History of MI6 - Keith Jeffery [445]
12 Hoare, Fourth Seal, 206; Jeffery, Sir Henry Wilson, 186-7; Secret Service in Russia, 20 Mar. 1917 (Templewood papers, II.2.2).
13 For speculation about the circumstances of Trotsky’s detention, see Spence, ‘Interrupted journey’.
14 See Popplewell, Intelligence and Imperial Defence, 147-64, a pioneering study of early British intelligence operations. There is some evidence of pre-Cumming secret service operations in the USA during 1914-15 (when the Pinkerton Detective Agency was hired to watch ports, print pamphlets and pay informants) in TNA, FO 1093/60.
15 Wiseman army service file (TNA, WO 339/21491); Murray, Master and Brother, 153; Fowler, British-American Relations, 16-18.
16 Gaunt, Yield of the Years, provides an only sporadically reliable account; Thwaites army service file (TNA, WO 339/19912); Thwaites, Velvet and Vinegar, 119-20, 131-43; US immigration details from passenger database at www.ellisisland.org (accessed 19 Feb. 2009). For an overview, see Spence, ‘Englishmen in New York’.
17 Memo apparently by Wiseman, 28 Mar.; memo on scope and activities of MI1(c) in New York, 27 Apr.; Wiseman to Cumming, 6 Sept.; ‘New York Office, Section V’, n.d. (c. Oct.); list of salaries, 29 Jan. 1918 (Wiseman papers, box 6, folders 171; 173-5; 177).
18 Wiseman to Guy Standing (Head Office), 4 Apr. 1916; Wiseman to Cumming, 6 Sept.; Thwaites to Wiseman, 22 Nov. 1918 (Wiseman papers, box 6, folders 160, 171; box 3, folder 84); Thwaites, Velvet and Vinegar, 153-5.
19 Bruce Lockhart, ‘Sir William Wiseman Bart - agent of influence’; Andrew, For the President’s Eyes Only, 37-60.
20 House diary, 17 Dec. 1916, 15 Jan. 1917; House to Wilson, 26 Jan. 1917 (House papers, diary vols 4-5; box 121, folder 4272).
21 Willert, Road to Safety, 52; Spring Rice to Wiseman, 12 Feb. 1917 (Wiseman papers, box 3, folder 81).
22 Hankey diary, 1 Feb. 1916 (Hankey papers, HNKY 1/1); Freeman, ‘The Zimmermann telegram revisited’.
23 House diary, 23 Feb.; 7 Mar. (House papers, diary vol. 5); Wiseman to Spring Rice, 6 Mar. (Wiseman papers, box 3, folder 81); ‘Relations between the United States and Great Britain’, endorsed by House, 8 Mar. (House papers, box 123, folder 4324); the ‘Relations between the United States and Great Britain’ paper was communicated to Britain in Spring Rice to FO, 8 Mar. 1917 (and circulated to the King, the Cabinet and other senior individuals) (Balfour papers, Add. 49740, fols 96-8).
24 See Fowler, British-American Relations.
25 Balfour to Spring Rice, 7 Apr. 1917 (TNA, FO 115/2317).
26 Memo by Wiseman, 16 Apr. 1917 (ibid.); ‘Russia’ [18 May], and ‘Russian affairs’, 26 May 1917, by Wiseman (Wiseman papers, box 10, folder 255); Wiseman to Sir Eric Drummond (private secretary to Foreign Secretary), 16, 20 June, and replies 19, 26 June 1917 (Wiseman papers, box 10, folder 255).
27 18 July 1917, receipt for $21,000 signed by Maugham (Wiseman papers, box 10, folder 256).
28 Fowler, British-American Relations, 113-18; ‘Intelligence and propaganda work in Russia July- Dec. 1917’, 19 Jan. 1918; summary by Wiseman of reports received from agent in Petrograd, 11 Sept. 1917 (Wiseman papers, box 10, folders 261 and 257).
29 Jeffreys-Jones, American Espionage, 96-101; Andrew, Defence of the Realm, 105-6; Balfour to Wiseman, 19 Dec. 1917; Wiseman to Charles S. Ascherson and reply, 13 Feb. and 3 Mar. 1918 (Wiseman papers, box 1, folders 6 and 4).
30 House diary, 18 Dec. (House papers, diary, vol. 5); Wiseman to Churchill, 10 Mar. 1919 (NARA, MID 11013-7-1); Fowler, British-American Relations, 221-35.
31 Accounts and correspondence concerning the Constantinople Quays Co. will be found in TNA, FO 1093/37-40. See also Hamilton, ‘Dockside diplomacy’.
32 Hankey diary, 4 Mar. 1915 (Hankey papers, HNKY 1/1); James, Eyes of the Navy, 60-4.
33 Conference of Admirals in Malta, 2-9 Mar. 1916 (TNA, ADM 137/499).
34 ‘Orders’ by Cumming, 3 July; Macdonogh to Hoare, 29 Dec. 1917; Hoare to Macdonogh, 3 Jan.; ‘Measures undertaken to start military espionage in Austria and Turkey’, 30 Apr. 1918 (Templewood papers, III.1.49, 68; III.2.5;