The Secret History of MI6 - Keith Jeffery [446]
35 ‘Contrespionage and espionage in Italy’, 1 Aug. 1918 (Templewood papers, III.4.29).
36 Cumming to Mackenzie, 8 Feb. 1917 (Mackenzie papers; Works I/Aegean Memories folder, fol. 265B). This account of work in the Eastern Mediterranean draws on the Mackenzie memoirs cited, as well as his My Life and Times: Octave Four and Octave Five.
37 ‘Organisation of the EMSIB’ (1921 report) (TNA, KV 1/17).
38 Mackenzie to Cumming, 9 Mar.; to Sir Francis Elliot, 9 May; Proposed transfer of so-called passport records, note by Mackenzie, n.d. [July]; Cumming to Mackenzie, 23 July, 25 Nov. 1917 (Mackenzie papers; Works I/Aegean Memories folder, fol. 316; 573, pp. 28 & 42; folder Recip. Cull-Cz).
39 See Mackenzie to Cumming, 16 and 30 Mar. 1917 (Mackenzie papers; Works I/Aegean Memories folder, fols 333 and 370).
40 Mackenzie to Cumming, 10 July 1917 (Mackenzie papers; Works I/Aegean Memories folder, fols 742-3).
41 Geneva tel., 26 Oct. 1917 (SHD (Terre), 16N1295, vol. 13); Moberly, Campaign in Mesopotamia, iv, chs 37-9.
42 Kirke diary, 17 Apr. 1915 (Kirke papers (IWM), 82/28/1); ‘memo on the advisability of maintaining in existence after the war Col. Samson’s Secret service bureau’ and Clayton to Cumming, 29 Nov. 1916 (Sudan Archive, SAD 693/10/84 and 694/3/71).
43 Sheffy, ‘British Intelligence and the Middle East’, 37-52; Sheffy, British Military Intelligence, ch. 5; Aaronsohn’s relations with EMSIB are detailed in his diary, see the published version: Efrati (ed.), Yoman Aharon Aharonson.
44 Popplewell, Intelligence and Imperial Defence, ch. 13.
45 For Reilly, see Andrew Cook’s admirably thorough study, Ace of Spies.
46 Lockhart’s account is in his Memoirs of a British Agent.
47 Dukes vividly recounted his recruitment by SIS in his memoir, Story of ‘ST 25’, 28-36. For British policy towards Russia, see Ullman, Anglo-Soviet Relations.
CHAPTER 5: THE EMERGENCE OF SIS
1 Mackenzie, Greek Memories, 411-12; Mackenzie, My Life and Times: Octave Five, 110.
2 The postwar situation and government responses are discussed in Jeffery, British Army and the Crisis of Empire; Jeffery and Hennessy, States of Emergency.
3 Andrew, Defence of the Realm, 106-9.
4 Memo by Long, 16 Jan., and by Shortt, 23 Jan. 1919 (TNA, CAB 127/356).
5 Cabinet minutes, 24 Jan. 1919 (TNA, CAB 23/9/WC519).
6 Report of Secret Service Committee, Feb. 1919 (TNA, CAB 127/356); for MI5’s relations with Thomson, see Andrew, Defence of the Realm, 116-20, and for a general discussion of the intelligence reorganisation debate, see Madeira, ‘British official and Intelligence responses to Soviet subversion’, parts I and II.
7 Crowe to Bland, 17 Nov. 1920 (Bland papers, BLND 9/2, part 1).
8 Wiseman to Thwaites, 23 Apr. 1919 (Wiseman papers, box 6, folder 176); Cumming to Mackenzie, 1 May [1919] (Mackenzie papers, folder Recip. Cull-Cz).
9 Vernon Kell also proposed using passport control work to help fund MI5 operations; see ‘Proposed Scheme for Post-War Organization’, May 1919, enc. with Kell to Haldane Porter, 28 Aug. 1919 (TNA, HO 45/19966).
10 For a thoughtful discussion of what may be deduced from the published Secret Service Vote, see O’Halpin, ‘Financing British intelligence’.
11 ‘Scheme for the re-organisation and co-ordination of Intelligence’, n.d., enc. with Basil Thomson to Walter Long, 18 Nov. 1918 (Long papers, 947/672); Report of Secret Service Committee, Feb. 1919 (TNA, CAB 127/356).
12 War Cabinet meetings, 5 and 15 Aug. 1919 (TNA, CAB 23/15/606A and 616A). For the impact of this review on defence spending generally, see Howard, Continental Commitment, 74-8.
13 Churchill to Prime Minister and others, 19 Mar. 1920, enc. memo on Reduction of estimates for Secret Services (Lloyd George papers, F/9/2/16).
14 Minute by Niemeyer, 21 Feb.; Crowe to Fisher, 24 May; Report of Cabinet committee, 27 July 1921 (TNA, CAB 127/357); Cabinet minutes, 22 Mar. 1921 (TNA, CAB 23/24/14(21)).
15 Secret Service Committee, 1st and 3rd meetings, 27 May and 2 June 1921 (TNA, CAB 127/355): War Office memo on Army requirements from Secret Service, 1 June