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The Impact of Yushin: On the harassment of Chang Chun Ha, see Don Oberdorfer, "Korea: The Silencing of Dissenters," WP, Dec. 31, 1972. Chang was the man referred to as "Mr. Lee." For his death, "Controversy over Dissident's Death Rekindled," Newsreview, Apr. 13, 1993. On the silencing of Korean press, see Don Oberdorfer, "The Korean Press," WP, Dec. 28, 1973.

On Donald Gregg's opposition to Lee Hu Rak, Gregg interview, Mar. 12, 1995. For country recognition data, see Samuel S. Kim, "North Korea and the United Nations," paper prepared for the 1996 Annual Conference of the International Council on Korean Studies, p. 31.

CHAPTER 3: THE TROUBLE DEEPENS

This account of the assassination attempt on Park is based on my eyewitness recollection and several published accounts. The number of bullets fired and the issue of whose bullet killed the First Lady were extensively investigated by two of my colleagues who were also on the scene, Sam Jameson of The Los Angeles Times and Bruce Dunning of CBS News. They found many inconsistencies between the government's official account and their reporting but were unable to reach conclusive judgments. The Kim Seong Jin quote is from Kim interview, May 24, 1993. On the shoes and handbag (which I did not notice at the time), see Michael Keon, Korean Phoenix (Prentice-Hall, 1977), p. 199.

On students and Christians, see Koon Woo Nam, South Korean Politics (University Press of America, 1989), especially chap. 4. On the Niedecker incident, Richard Ericson interview, Feb. 16, 1994, and Gregg interview, June 21, 1993. For Niedecker's account, memorandum from John E. Niedecker to General A. M. Haig Jr., July 29, 1974. Confidential (declassified 1997). It was also widely reported after the fact. For the intelligence assessment about student radicalism, USFK Hist. 1974, p. 37, confidential (declassified 1995).

The Struggle with Japan: Mun as a "jackal," interview with former Korean prosecutor, Oct. 23, 1992. On the plight of Koreans in Japan, see Don Oberdorfer, "An Assassin Comes `Home' to Korea," WP, Sept. 3, 1974, my investigation of Mun Se Kwang's life and background in Osaka. The Chung Il Kwon quote is from Ericson interview, Feb. 16, 1994. Park's diary quotes from "Blue House Diary," Minju Ilbo, Nov 24, 1989, in Korean, translation by Carter Eckert.

The Underground War: Material on the tunnels is based primarily on the tunnels sections of USFK Hist. 1972-87, which were declassified and released to me in 1995 under the Freedom of Information Act. See also Don Oberdorfer, "Korea's DMZ-Security Undermined?" WP, May 27, 1975. The "needle in haystack" quote is from USFKHist. 1979, p. 44, secret (declassified 1995). For the psychics, see "US Spy Agencies Field Psychics to Pinpoint North Korean Tunnels under DMZ," KT, Dec. 2, 1995. Nathanial Thayer quote, Thayer interview, Aug. 1, 1995.

Challenge from the North: Retrospective U.S. military analysis, USFK Hist. 1982, p. 30, secret (declassified 1995). Chinese officer quote, Xu Xian Zhang interview, July 8, 1993. Gates on "black hole," interview, May 16, 1994. Gregg on intelligence failure, Gregg interview, Mar. 12, 1995. On JCS reduction of resources, see USFK Hist. 1972, p. 14, secret (declassified 1995).

Kim Il Sung on preparations for war, "Excerpts from Interview with North Korean Premier on Policy Toward the U.S.," NYT, May 31, 1972. 1974 U.S. intelligence estimate, USFK Hist. 1974, secret (declassified 1995). Hollingsworth section is based on a telephone interview with Hollingsworth, Aug. 26, 1995, as well as an interview with Gregg, June 21, 1993. See also John Saar, "The Army's Defiant Anachronism," WP, Feb. 15, 1976. NSC objections, Thomas J. Barnes, "Secretary Schlesinger's Discussions in Seoul," National Security Council Memorandum, Sept. 29, 1975, secret (declassified 1995).

For the U.S. Command's estimate of Soviet/Chinese intentions, USFKHist. 1974, p. 21, secret (declassified 1995). For Kim Il Sung's speech, FBIS, PRC International Affairs, Apr. 21, 1975, p. A17. Kim had also used the