The Two Koreas_ A Contemporary History - Don Oberdorfer [274]
The section on U.S. military preparations is based largely on an interview with William Perry, Apr. 25, 1995, as well as his testimony before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, Jan. 24, 1995, and the Senate Armed Services Committee, Jan. 26, 1995, and on news reports and a variety of other sources. For Luck on casualties and the costs of war, testimony of Luck before Senate Armed Services Committee, Jan. 26, 1995. DPRK lessons from Gulf War, senior U.S. officer, interview, Apr. 4, 1995.
Carter in Pyongyang: Jimmy Carter, "Report of Our Trip to Korea, June 1994," unpublished manuscript from the Carter Center. The account of the Carter mission is also based on Marion Creekmore interview, Aug. 1, 1994, input from Carter to the author via his aides, and a variety of other published and unpublished sources. Carter's "chances are minimal" quote, Elizabeth Kurylo, "Revisiting a Mission to Korea," Atlanta Journal-Constitution, July 3, 1994.
My report of the crucial White House meeting is based on interviews with four of the participants. Carter clarified for me in October 1996 that it was he who brought up the topic of a potential summit in the conversation with Kim 11 Sung.
CHAPTER 14: DEATH AND ACCORD
A video of Kim's last year taken from official footage, containing good coverage of the final economic meeting, was broadcast on North Korean television and shown to me at my request during my January 1995 visit to Pyongyang. I also spoke about the meeting with Kim Jong U, one of the senior officials who were present. Other details, including Kim's intervention in summit planning, are from the North Korean official version of his final meetings in KIS Works (the Korean language edition), vol. 44, published June 21, 1996. For Kim's recent appearances, "Seoul Speculates Kim's Death May Be Result of Power Struggle," KH, July 10, 1994. Kim Young Sam discussed his plans for his summit meeting with Kim II Sung with me in an interview in the Blue House, Apr. 14, 1995. Other than the official autopsy report, the details and circumstances of Kim Il Sung's death have never been made public by North Korea. My account relies on the reporting of Julie Moon, who was given special access to senior North Korean officials at the time of Kim's funeral. A senior North Korean official confirmed the authenticity of her account in a conversation with me in Pyongyang in January 1995.
German doctors on the growth on Kim's neck, former East German diplomat, interview, Sept. 10, 1994. Kim's 1992 luncheon troubles, former ROK official, Oct. 1994. Taylor's assessment of Kim's health, "Report on Bill Taylor's Third Trip to North Korea, 23-29 June 1992," unpublished manuscript supplied by Taylor. Kim's "good for another ten years" quote, Cho Kap Che, "The Information War with North Korea," Monthly Chosun (Sept. 1990), in Korean. Kim to Carter on living another ten years, David Sanger, "Kim Il Sung Dead at 82," NYT, July 9, 1994.
Reactions to Kim's death, conversation with a senior North Korean official in Pyongyang in January 1995; see also "`Enormous Crowds' at Monument" from Kyodo News Agency and "`Mass Hysteria' in Pyongyang" from the Polish Press Agency, published in FBIS-EAS, July 11, 1994. Flanigan's e-mail on North Koreans "here to deal," Flanigan interview, Aug. 31, 1995. On KBS film incident, Sohn Tae Soo, "Some TV Programs on Kim Il Sung Draw Fire," KH, July 13, 1994.
On the inappropriateness of the documents release, Russian diplomat, interview, Mar. 27, 1995. On the DPRK reaction to the Seoul postdeath events, Steve Glain, "Turmoil Marks Relations Between Pyongyang, Seoul," Asian Wall Street Journal, Aug. 15, 1994. Chung quote to Lake on the DPRK collapse, U.S. official, interview, Dec. 11, 1996.
The Succession of Kim Jong Ii: Kim Jong Il in Berlin on his father's train, former East German official, interview, June 10, 1994. On Kim Jong Il's birth date, Aiden Foster-Carter has written that Kim Jong 11 was actually born