The Two Koreas_ A Contemporary History - Don Oberdorfer [273]
The report on the Graham mission is based on interviews with Graham's aide Stephen Linton, Mar. 30, 1994, and (by telephone) Aug. 10, 1996, and several published reports including that in Mazarr, North Korea and the Bomb, pp. 123-125. On Michael Gordon and the Pershings, Gordon interview, Nov 20, 1995. Laney quote on body bags, Laney interview, Nov 22, 1994. IAEA on purpose of DPRK refusal to permit full inspections, David Kyd (IAEA spokesman) interview, Apr. 6, 1994. Hubbard quote, Hubbard interview, Mar. 31, 1994.
CHAPTER 13: SHOWDOWN OVER NUCLEAR WEAPONS
Gallucci on Guns of August, Gallucci interview, Mar. 11, 1995. Perry quote on "risk of war," Perry address to World Affairs Council, Philadelphia, Nov 3, 1994. Estes quote, Estes interview, Apr. 4, 1995. CIA reevaluation of reactor downtime, U.S. intelligence officials, interview, Nov 1, 1996. "Scare-nario" quote, David Albright, "North Korea and the `Worst-case' Scare'nario," Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists (Jan.-Feb. 1994). Lake on disparate intelligence findings, Lake interview, Apr. 5, 1994.
The Defueling Crisis: "Not a drop dead issue," senior U.S. official, interview, Nov 14, 1994. Perricos on the DPRK "poker game," Perricos interview, June 16, 1995. Gallucci on the "medieval" IAEA, Gallucci interview, May 19, 1994. Gregg "proctologists" quote, Gregg interview, Mar. 12, 1995. Kim Il Sung "naked man" quote to Sihanouk, Far East Economic Review, June 23, 1994.
The Military Track: O'Hanlon estimates, O'Hanlon telephone interview, Feb. 20, 1997. On the war plan, "U.S.-Seoul `Strategic Concept' on DPRK Noted," Joong-ang Ilbo, Mar. 24, 1994, in FBIS-EAS, Mar. 24, 1994. See also the war plan description by Michael Gordon with David Sanger in "North Korea's Huge Military Spurs New Strategy in South," NYT, Feb. 6, 1994. ROK "nervous as a cat" quote, senior U.S. military officer, interview, Apr. 4, 1995. US. military preparations from various news reports and Perry's testimony before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, Jan. 24, 1995. Luck comments, Luck interview, May 3, 1994. Flanigan on Pentagon preparatory meeting, Flanigan interview, Aug. 11, 1995. Flanigan "extremely sobering" quote from Rosegrant, Harvard study, p. 51.
Estimates given to Clinton, Captain Thomas Flanigan, letter to author, Sept. 20, 1995. Perry "even more dangerous" quote, Perry speech before the World Affairs Council, Philadelphia, Nov 3, 1994.
The Deepening Conflict: On the Aspin appeal for direct negotiations with Kim Il Sung, Mazarr, North Korea and the Bomb, pp. 102-103. Estimates of remittances to the DPRK by Koreans in Japan are very uncertain, but $600 million was the figure used in governmental circles. A serious study by Nicholas Eberstadt of the American Enterprise Institute concluded from financial data that the transfers to North Korea from private groups in Japan has not exceeded $100 million yearly since 1990. On Japan's difficulty in cutting off remittances, former White House official, interview, Oct. 28, 1996. Secret Japanese report on effect of sanctions, Asao Iku, "North Korea Will Act This Way," Bungei Shunju, July 1994 in Japanese. Japanese preparations for assistance to United States, "Government Was Preparing Limited Legislation in 1994," Asahi Shimbun, Sept. 16, 1996, in Japanese. "Nightmare" quote from Japanese diplomat, interview, Nov 6, 1996.
Selig Harrison's trip to Pyongyang, from interview with Harrison, July 14, 1994; a Carnegie Endowment press release with details of the Harrison trip published June 16, 1994, and Harrison's "The North Korean Nuclear Crisis: From Stalemate to Breakthrough," in Arms Control Today (Nov. 1994). Kim Young Sam's criticism of Carter mission, "Seoul Denounces Carter Trip as `Ill-timed,"' DPA (German Press Agency), June 11, 1994. Poll data on opinion toward North Korea, American Enterprise,