The Two Koreas_ A Contemporary History - Don Oberdorfer [272]
Kim Il Sung's denial of reprocessing, Stephen Solarz, "Interview with DPRK President Kim 11 Sung," Dec. 18, 1991, transcript in my possession. Kim Yong Chul quote from Park Yong Ok interview, Nov 29, 1996. Kim's enthusiasm about accord, Han Yong Sup interview, Nov. 29, 1995. Economist quote from "The Koreas: Look, No Bomb," Economist, Jan. 4, 1992.
Meeting in New York: This section is based on my reporting at the time and a subsequent interview with Kanter, Feb. 25, 1994.
The Coming of the Inspectors: Gates quote, Don Oberdorfer, "N. Korea Is Far from A-bomb, Video Indicates," WP, June 4, 1992. Olli Heinonen quote on early inspections, Heinonen interview, June 21, 1994. An excellent description of the IAEA's sleuthing and the U.S. role, from which some of these details are taken, is R. Jeffrey Smith's "N. Korea and the Bomb: High-Tech Hide-and-Seek," WP, Apr. 27, 1993. Blix quote from Blix interview, June 22, 1994. Theis quote from Theis interview, June 21, 1994.
From Accommodation to Crisis: Gregg on Team Spirit "mistake," Gregg interview, Mar. 12, 1995. Kim anger in Ackerman meeting, State Department official, interview, May 15, 1995. Kim Hak Joon on spy case, Kim interview, Jan. 5, 1994. Gates on imagery, Gates interview, May 16, 1994. Choi quote to IAEA, Heinonen interview, June 22, 1994. DPRK war alert, Lee Chung Kuk, The Nuclear Weapons and Army of Kim Jong II (Tokyo: Kodansha, 1994), in Japanese. Also Colonel Chjoi Ju Hwal (a high-ranking North Korean defector who experienced the alert), interview, June 24, 1996.
CHAPTER 12: WITHDRAWAL AND ENGAGEMENT
Han Sung Joo on repercussions of withdrawal, Han interview, Apr. 12, 1995. Han's "stick and carrot" approach was outlined in a meeting with Washington Post editors and reporters, which was so close to all that he was saying privately that he was admonished to be less candid by some State Department officials. See Don Oberdorfer, "South Korean: U.S. Agrees to Plan to Pressure North," WP, Mar. 30, 1993. JCS on "punishing" North Korea, State Department official, interview, May 15, 1995. Burkhardt on ROK "suggestion," Burkhardt interview, Sept. 29, 1993.
Gallucci's initial impressions of Kang, Gallucci interviews, June 21, 1993, and Aug. 10, 1995.
The LightWater Reactor Plan: On Kim Young Sam's objections to negotiations, David Sanger, "Seoul's Leader Says North Is Manipulating U.S. on Nuclear Issues," NYT, July 1, 1993. White House official on Kim's references to politics and polls, interview, May 3, 1995. Gallucci retort to Clinton threat, Gallucci interview, Sept. 1, 1993.
Contrast between U.S. and DPRK hospitality, Dan Russel interview, Nov 7, 1996. Carlin quote on "they want out" from an excellent case study by Susan Rosegrant, for the Kennedy School, Harvard University, "Carrots, Sticks and Question Marks: Negotiating the North Korean Nuclear Crisis," p. 30. Gallucci's reaction to the LWR offer, Gallucci interview, Aug. 10, 1995. Request to Blix for LWRs, "IAEA Director General Completes Official Visit to the Democratic People's Republic of Korea," IAEA Press Release, May 15, 1992. See also R. Jeffrey Smith, "N. Korea May Consider Reducing Atom Program," WP, June 20, 1992.
DPRK plan for reactors in DMZ, Lim Dong Won interview, June 25, 1996. Warning to Gallucci, Gallucci interview, Aug. 10, 1995.
Kim Young Sam Blows the Whistle: Gallucci "seven times removed" and "box of oranges" quotes, Rosegrant, Harvard study, pp. 30 and 27. Aspin quote on "ball in their court," Michael J. Mazarr, North Korea and the Bomb (St. Martin's Press, 1995), p. 133. Smith report on package deal, R. Jeffrey Smith, "U.S. Weighs N. Korean Incentives: New Approach Taken on Nuclear Inspection," WP, Nov. 17, 1993.
On Kim Young Sam in Oval Office, senior Clinton administration official, interview, Jan. 13, 1994.
The Season of Crisis Begins: North-South economic disparity, "N. Korea's Percapita GNP at $904, eight times lower than South's $7,466," KH, June 11, 1994. The US. interpretation of Kim Il Sung's reemergence, State Department official,