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yet is carried on without any restrictions, 230. The terms of rent, how adjusted between landlord and tenant, 247. Is extended by good roads and navigable canals, 251. Under what circumstances pasture land is more valuable than arable, 253. Gardening not a very gainful employment, 256. Vines the most profitable article of culture, 257. Estimates of profit from projects, very fallacious, ib. Cattle and tillage mutually improve each other, 325. Remarks on that of Scotland, 327. Remarks on that of North America, 328. Poultry a profitable article in husbandry, 330. Hogs, 331. Dairy, 332. Evidences of land being completely improved, 334. The extension of cultivation as it raises the price of animal food, reduces that of vegetables, 349. By whom and how practised under feudal government, 433. Its operations not so much intended to increase, as to direct, the fertility of nature, 462. Has been the cause of the prosperity of the British colonies in America, 466. The profits of, exaggerated by projectors, 258. On equal terms, is naturally preferred to trade, 480. Artificers necessary to the carrying it on, 481. Was not attended to by the Northern destroyers of the Roman Empire, 484. The ancient policy of Europe unfavourable to, 371. Was promoted by the commerce and manufactures of towns, 515. The wealth arising from, more solid and durable, than that which proceeds from commerce, 520. Is not encouraged by the bounty on the exportation of corn, 87. Why the proper business of new colonies, 192. The present agricultural system of political œconomy adopted in France, described, 247. Is discouraged by restrictions and prohibitions in trade, 258. Is favoured beyond manufactures, in China, 266. And in Indostan, 267. Does not require so extensive a market as manufactures, 268. To check manufactures, in order to promote agriculture, false policy, 273. Landlords ought to be encouraged to cultivate part of their own land, 423.

Alcavala, the tax in Spain so called, explained and considered, 497. The ruin of the Spanish manufactures attributed to this tax, ib.

Alehouses, the number of, not the efficient cause of drunkenness, 461.

Allodian rights, mistaken for feudal rights, 510. The introduction of the feudal law tended to moderate the authority of the allodial lords, 516.

Ambassadors, the first motive of their appointment, 320.

America, why labour is dearer in North America than in England, 173. Great increase of population there, ib. Common rate of interest there, 194. Is a new market for the produce of its own silver mines, 307. The first accounts of the two empires of Peru and Mexico, greatly exaggerated, 308. Improving state of the Spanish colonies, ib. Account of the paper currency of the British colonies, 466. Cause of the rapid prosperity of the British colonies there, 466. Why manufactures for distant sale have never been established there, 482. Its speedy improvements owing to assistance from foreign capitals, 483. The purchase and improvement of uncultivated land, the most profitable employment of capitals, 516. Commercial alterations produced by the discovery of, 24. But two civilised nations found on the whole continent, 25. The wealth of the North American colonies increased, though the balance of trade continued against them, 77. Madeira wine, how introduced there, 81. Historical review of the European settlements in, 136. Of Spain, 148. Of Holland, 151. Of France, 152. Of Britain, 153. Ecclesiastical government in the several European colonies, 156. Fish a principal article of trade from North America to Spain, Portugal, and the Mediterranean, 159. Naval stores to Britain, 160. Little credit due to the policy of Europe from the success of the colonies, 170. The discovery and colonisation of, how far advantageous to Europe, 172. And to America, 209. The colonies in, governed by a spirit of monopoly, 214. The interest of the consumer in Britain sacrificed to that of the producer, by the system of colonisation, 247. Plan for extending the British system of taxation over all the provinces of, 536–7. The question how the Americans