The Wealth of Nations_ Books 4-5 - Adam Smith [341]
Amsterdam, agio of the bank of, explained, 55. Occasion of its establishment, 56. Advantages attending payments there, 58. Rate demanded for keeping money there, 59. Prices at which bullion and coin are received, 60. Note. This bank, the great warehouse of Europe for bullion, 62. Demands upon, how made and answered, 63. The agio of, how kept at a medium rate, 64. The treasure of, whether all preserved in its repositories, ib. The amount of its treasure only to be conjectured, 65. Fees paid to the bank for transacting business, 66.
Annuities for terms of years, and for lives, in the British finances, historical account of, 516–18.
Apothecaries, the profit on their drugs unjustly stigmatised as exorbitant, 214.
Apprenticeship, the nature and intention of this bond of servitude explained, 204. The limitations imposed on various trades, as to the number of apprentices, 222–3. The statute of apprenticeship in England, 224. Apprenticeships in France and Scotland, ib. General remarks on the tendency and operation of long apprenticeships, 225. The statute of, ought to be repealed, 48.
Arabs, their manner of supporting war, 279–80.
Army, three different ways by which a nation may maintain one in a distant country, 17. Standing, distinction between and a militia, 286–9. Historical review of, 290. The Macedonian army, ib. Carthaginian army, 291. Roman army,291–2. Is alone able to perpetuate the civilisation of a country, 294. Is the speediest engine for civilising a barbarous country, ib. Under what circumstances dangerous to, and under what, favourable to liberty, 295–6.
Artificers, prohibited by law from going to foreign countries, 244. Residing abroad, and not returning on notice, exposed to outlawry, 245. See Manufactures.
Asdrubal, his army greatly improved by discipline, 290. How defeated, 291.
Assembly, houses of, in the British colonies, the constitutional freedom of, shewn, 166.
Assiento contract, 333.
Assize of bread and ale, remarks on that statute, 246.
Augustus, emperor, emancipates the slaves of Vedius Pollio, for his cruelty, 169.
Balance of annual produce and consumption explained, 76. May be in favour of a nation, when the balance of trade is against it, 76–7.
Balance of trade, no certain criterion to determine on which side it turns between two countries, 67. The current doctrine of, on which most regulations of trade are founded, absurd, ib. If even, by the exchange of their native commodities, both sides may be gainers, ib. How the balance would stand, if native commodities on one side, were paid with foreign commodities on the other, ib. How the balance stands when commodities are purchased with gold and silver, 69. The ruin of countries often predicted from the doctrine of an unfavourable balance of trade, 76.
Banks great increase of trade in Scotland, since the establishment of them in the principal towns, 393–4. Their usual course of business, 395. Consequences of their issuing too much paper, 398. Necessary caution for some time observed by them with regard to giving credit to their customers, 402. Limits of the advances they may prudently make to traders, 404. How injured by the practice of drawing and redrawing bills, 407–8. History of the Ayr bank, 412. History of the Bank of England, 417. The nature and public advantage of banks considered, 419. Bankers might carry on their business with less paper, 422–3. Effects of the optional clauses in the Scots notes, 425. Origin of their establishment, 57. Bank money explained, 58. Of England, the conduct of, in regard to the coinage, 132. Joint stock companies, why well adapted to the trade of banking, 345. A doubtful question whether the government of Great Britain is equal to the management of the Bank to profit, 408.
Bankers, the credit of their notes, how established, 389. The nature of the banking business explained,