The Wealth of Nations_ Books 4-5 - Adam Smith [350]
Edinburgh, its present share of trade owing to the removal of the court and parliament, 436.
Education, the principal cause of the various talents observable in different men, 120. Those parts of, for which there are no public institutions, generally the best taught, 353. In universities, a view of, 359. Of travelling for, 361. Course of, in the republics of ancient Greece, 362. In ancient Rome, ib. The ancient teachers superior to those in modern times, 364. Public institutions injurious to good education, 367. Inquiry how far the public ought to attend to the education of the people, 368. The different opportunities of education in the different ranks of the people, 370 –71. The advantages of a proper attention in the state to the education of the people, 374–5.
Egypt, the first country in which agriculture and manufactures appear to have been cultivated, 124. Agriculture was greatly favoured there, 267. Was long the granary of the Roman empire, 269.
Ejectment, action of, in England, when invented, and its operation, 492.
Employments, the advantages and disadvantages of the different kinds of, in the same neighbourhood, continually tend to equality, 201. The differences or inequalities among, specified, 202. The constancy or precariousness of, influences the rate of wages, 203.
England, the dates of its several species of coinage, silver, gold and copper, 142. Why labour is cheaper there, than in North America, 172. The rate of population in both countries compared, 173. The produce and labour of, have gradually increased from the earliest accounts in history, while writers are representing the country as rapidly declining, 444. Enumeration of obstructions and calamities which the prosperity of the country has surmounted, 446. Circumstances that favour commerce and manufactures, 517. Laws in favour of agriculture, 518. Why formerly unable to carry on foreign wars of long duration, 22. Why the commerce with France has been subjected to so many discouragements, 74. Foundation of the enmity between these countries, 75. Translation of the commercial treaty concluded in 1703, with Portugal, 124–5. Inquiry into the value of the trade with Portugal, 126. Might procure gold without the Portugal trade, 127. Consequences of securing the colony trade by the navigation act, 177. Engrossing. See Forestalling. Entails, the law of, prevents the division of land by alienation, 484. Intention of, 486.
Europe, general review of the several nations of, as to their improvement since the discovery of America, 307. The two richest countries in, enjoy the greatest shares of the carrying trade, 473. Inquiry into the advantages derived by, from the discovery and colonization of America, 172. The particular advantages derived by each colonizing country, 175. And by others which have no colonies, 210.
Exchange, the operation of, in the commercial intercourse of different countries, 8. The course of, an uncertain criterion of the balance of trade between two countries, 52. Is generally in favour of those countries which pay in bank money, against those which pay in common currency, 66.
Excise, the principal objects of, 473. The duties of, more clear and distinct than the customs, 478. Affects only a few articles of the most general consumption, ib. The excise scheme of Sir Robert Walpole defended, 482. The excise upon home-made fermented and spirituous liquors, the most productive, 483.