The Wealth of Nations_ Books 4-5 - Adam Smith [352]
Forestalling and engrossing, the popular fear of, like the suspicions of witchcraft, 113.
Forts, when necessary for the protection of commerce, 320.
France, fluctuations in the legal rate of interest for money there, during the course of the present century, 193. Remarks on the trade and riches of, ib. The nature of apprenticeships there, 224. The propriety of restraining the planting of vineyards, examined, 258. Variations in the price of grain there, 285. The money price of labour has sunk gradually with the money price of corn, 305. Foundation of the Mississippi scheme, 417. Little trade or industry to be found in the parliament towns of, 435. Description of the class of farmers called metayers, 489. Laws relating to the tenure of land, 492. Services formerly exacted beside rent, 493. The taille, what, and its operation in checking the cultivation of land, ib. Origin of the magistrates and councils of cities, 500. No direct legal encouragement given to agriculture, 518. Ill policy of M. Colbert’s commercial regulations, 44. French goods heavily taxed in Great Britain, 50. The commercial intercourse between France and England now chiefly carried on by smugglers, 51. The policy of the commercial restraints between France and Britain considered, 51–2. State of the coinage there, 55. Why the commerce with England has been subjected to discouragements, 74. Foundation of the enmity between these countries, 75. Remarks concerning the signorage on coin, 131. Standard of the gold coin there, ib. The trade of the French colonies, how regulated, ib. The government of the colonies conducted with moderation, 168. The sugar colonies of, better governed, than those of britain, 169. The Kingdom of, how taxed, 204. The members of the league, fought more in defence of their own importance, than for any other cause, 207. The present agricultural system of political oeconomy adopted by philosophers there, described, 247. Under what direction the funds for the repair of the roads are placed, 316. General state of the roads, 317. The universities badly governed, 351. Remarks on the management of the parliaments of, 387. Measures taken in, to reduce the power of the clergy, 393. Account of the mode of rectifying the inequalities of the predial taille in the generality of Montauban, 427. The personal taille explained, 447. The inequalities in, how remedied, 448. How the personal taille discourages cultivation, 450. The Vingtième, 451–2. Stamp duties and the controle, 455. The capitation tax, how rated, 463. Restraints upon the interior trade of the country by the local variety of the revenue laws, 498. The duties on tobacco and salt, how levied, 501. The different sources of revenue in, 502. How the finances of, might be reformed, ib. The French system of taxation compared with that in Britain, 503. The nature of tontines explained, 518. Estimate of the whole national debt of, ib. Frugality, generally a predominating principle in human nature, 441. Fuller’s earth, the exportation of, why prohibited, 239.
Funds, British, brief historical view of, 511. Operation of, politically considered, 525. The practice of funding, has gradually enfeebled every state that has adopted it, 529.
Fur trade, the first principles of, 250.
Gama, Vasco de, the first European who discovered a naval track to the East Indies, 139.
Gardening, the gains from, distinguished into the component parts, 156. Not a profitable employment, 256. Gems. See Stones. General fund, in the British finances, explained, 511. Genoa, why corn is dear in the territory of, 295. Glasgow, the trade of, doubled in fifteen years, by erecting banks there, 394. Why a city of greater trade than Edinburgh, 436.
Gold, not the standard of value in England, 143. Its value measured by silver, ib. Reformation of the gold coin, 145. Mint price of gold in England, ib. The working the mines of, in Peru, very uprofitable, 275. Qualities for which this metal is valued, 277. The proportional value of, to silver, how rated before and after the discovery of the American mines, 280. Is cheaper in the