The Wealth of Nations_ Books 4-5 - Adam Smith [356]
Kalm, the Swedish traveller, his account of the husbandry of the British colonies in North America, 328. Kelp, a rent demanded for the rocks on which it grows, 248. King, Mr, his account of the average price of wheat, 301.
King, under feudal institutions, no more than the greatest baron in the nation, 510. Was unable to restrain the violence of his barons, 512. Treasure trove an important branch of revenue to, 507. His situation, how favourable for the accumulating treasure, ib. In a commercial country, naturally spends his revenue in luxuries, 508. Is hence driven to call upon his subjects for extraordinary aids, 509.
Kings and their ministers, the greatest spendthrifts in a country, 446. Labour, the fund which originally supplies every nation with its annual consumption, 104. How the proportion between labour and consumption is regulated, ib. The different kinds of industry seldom dealt impartially with by any nation, 105. The division of labour considered, 109. This division increases the quantity of work, 112. Instances in illustration, 116. From what principle the division of labour originates, 117. The divisibility of, governed by the market, 121. Labour the real measure of the exchangeable value of commodities, 133. Different kinds of, not easily estimated by immediate comparison, 134. Is compared by the intermediate standard of money, 135. Is an invariable standard for the value of commodities, 136. Has a real, and a nominal price, ib. The quantity of labour employed on different objects, the only rule for exchanging them in the rude stages of society, 150. Difference between the wages of labour and profits on stock, in manufactures, 151. The whole labour of a country never exerted, 157. Is in every instance suited to the demand, 160. The effect of extraordinary calls for, 162. The deductions made from the produce of labour employed upon land, 168. Why dearer in North America than in England, 172–3. Is cheap in countries that are stationary, 174. The demand for, would continually decrease in a declining country, 175. The province of Bengal cited as an instance, 176. Is not badly paid for in Great Britain, ib. An increasing demand for, favourable to population, 183. That of freemen cheaper to the employers than that of slaves, ib. The money price of, how regulated, 188. Is liberally rewarded in new colonies, 194.
Common labour and skilful labour distinguished, 203–4. The free circulation of, from one employment to another, obstructed by corporation laws, 240. The unequal prices of, in different places, probably owing to the law of settlements, 244. Can always procure subsistence on the spot where it is purchased, 250. The money price of, in different countries, how governed, 295. Is set into motion by stock employed for profit, 357–8. The division of, depends on the accumulation of stock, 371. Machines to facilitate labour, advantageous to society, 383. Productive and unproductive, distinguished, 430. Various orders of men specified, whose labour is unproductive, 430–31. Unproductive labourers all maintained by revenue, 432. The price of, how raised by the increase of the national capital, 453. Its price, though nominally raised, may continue the same, 455. Is liberally rewarded in new colonies, 146. Of artificers and manufacturers, never adds any value to the whole amount of the rude produce of the land, according to the French agricultural system of political œconomy,
252. This doctine shown to be erroneous, 261. The productive powers of labour, how to be improved, 263.
Labourers, useful and productive, every where proportioned to the capital stock on which they are employed, 105. Share the produce of their labour, in most cases, with the owners of the stock on which they are employed, 152. Their wages a continued subject of contest between them and their masters, 169. Are seldom successful in their outrageous combinations, 169–70. The sufficiency of their earnings, a point not easily determined, 170. Their wages sometimes raised by