The Wealth of Nations_ Books 4-5 - Adam Smith [357]
171. Their demands limited by the funds destined for payment, ib. Are continually wanted in North America, 172. Miserable condition of those in China, 174. Are not ill paid in Great Britain, 176. If able to maintain their families in dear years, they must be at their ease in plentiful seasons, 177. A proof furnished in the complaints of their luxury, 181. Why worse paid than artificers, 204. Their interests strictly connected with the interests of the society, 357. Labour the only source of their revenue,373. Effects of a life of labour on the understandings of the poor, 368.
Land, the demand of rent for, how founded, 152. The rent paid, enters into the price of the greater part of all commodities, ib. Generally produces more food than will maintain the labour necessary to bring it to market, 250. Good roads, and navigable canals, equalise difference of situation, 251. That employed in raising food for men or cattle, regulates the rent of all other cultivated land, 256, 263. Can clothe and lodge more than it can feed, while uncultivated, and the contrary when improved, 266. The culture of land producing food, creates a demand for the produce of other lands, 278. Produces by agriculture a much greater quantity of vegetable, than of animal food, 292. The full improvement of, requires a stock of cattle to supply manure, 326. Cause and effect of the diminution of cottagers, 331. Signs of the land being completely improved, 334. The whole annual produce, or the price of it, naturally divides itself into rent, wages, and profits of stock, 356. The usual price of, depends on the common rate of interest for money, 458. The profits of cultivation exaggerated by projectors, 474. The cultivation of, naturally preferred to trade and manufactures, on equal terms, 480. Artificers necessary to the cultivation of, 481. Was all appropriated, though not cultivated, by the northern destroyers of the Roman empire, 484. Origin of the law of primogeniture under the feudal government, ib. Entails, 486. Obstacles to the improvement of land under feudal proprietors, 487. Feudal tenures, 490. Feudal taxation, 493. The improvement of land checked in France by the taille, ib. Occupiers of, labour under great disadvantages, 494. Origin of long leases of, 514. Small proprietors, the best improvers of, 516. Small purchasers of, cannot hope to raise fortunes by cultivation, ib. Tenures of, in the British American colonies, 153.
Land, is the most permanent source of revenue, 411. The rent of a whole country, not equal to the ordinary levy upon the people, 412. The revenue from, proportioned, not to the rent, but to the produce, 413. Reasons for selling the crown lands,
415. The land-tax of Great Britain considered, 418. An improved land-tax suggested, 421. A land-tax, however equally rated by a general survey, will soon become unequal, 427. Tythes a very unequal tax, 428. Tythes discourage improvement, 429.
Landholders, why frequently inattentive to their own particular interests, 357. How they contribute to the annual production of the land, according to the French agricultural system of political œconomy,
250. Should be encouraged to cultivate a part of their own land, 423.
Latin language, how it became an essential part of university education, 354.
Law, Mr, account of his banking scheme for the improvement of Scotland, 416.
Law, the language of, how corrupted,
308. Did not improve into a science in ancient Greece, 365. Remarks on the courts of justice in Greece and Rome, ib.
Lawyers, why amply rewarded for their labour, 208. Great amount of their fees, 30.
Leases, the various usual conditions of, 421–2.
Leather, restrictions on the exportation of, unmanufactured, 239.
Lectures in universities, frequently improper for instruction, 352.
Levity, the vices of, ruinous to the common people, and therefore severely censured by them, 382.
Liberty, three duties only necessary for a sovereign to attend to, for supporting a system of, 274.
Lima, computed number of inhabitants in that city, 148.
Linen manufacture, narrow policy