The Wealth of Nations_ Books 4-5 - Adam Smith [358]
Literature, the rewards of, reduced by competition, 236. Was more profitable in ancient Greece, 237. The cheapness of literary education an advantage to the public, 238.
Loans of money, the nature of, analysed, 450–51. The extensive operation of, ib.
Locke, Mr, remarks on his opinion of the difference between the market and mint prices of silver bullion, 146. His account of the cause of lowering the rates of interest for money, examined, 454. His distinction between money and moveable goods, 6.
Lodgings, cheaper in London, than in any other capital city in Europe, 221. Logic, the origin and employment of, 358.
Lotteries, the true nature of, and the causes of their success, explained, 210.
Luck, instances of the universal reliance mankind have on it, 209–10
Lutherans, origin and principles of that sect, 396.
Luxuries, distinguished from necessaries, 465. Operation of taxes on, 466–7. The good and bad properties of taxes on, 493.
Macedon, Philip of, the superiority that discipline gave his army over those of his enemies, 290.
Machines for facilitating mechanical operations, how invented and improved, 114–15. Are advantageous to every society, 383.
Madder, the cultivation of, long confined to Holland, by English tythes, 429. Madeira wine, how introduced into North America and Britain, 81.
Malt, reasons for transferring the duty on brewing to, 485. Distillery, how to prevent smuggling in, 487.
Manufactures, the great advantage resulting from a division of labour in, 109–10. Instances in illustration, 116–17. Why profits increase in the higher stages of, 154. Of what parts the gains of manufacturers consist,
156. The private advantage of secrets in manufactures, 163. Peculiar advantages of soil and situation, 164. Monopolies, ib. Corporation privileges, ib. The deductions made from labour employed on manufactures, 168. Inquiry how far they are affected by seasons of plenty and scarcity, 186. Are not so materially affected by circumstances in the country where they are carried on, as in the places where they are consumed, 188, 200. New manufactures generally give higher wages than old ones, 217 –
18. Are more profitably carried on in towns than in the open country,
229. By what means the prices of, are reduced, while the society continues improving, 350. Instances in hard ware, ib. Instances in the woollen manufacture, 351. What fixed capitals are required to carry on particular manufactures, 374. For distant sale, why not established in North America, 482. Why manufactures are preferred to foreign trade, for the employment of a capital, 482–3. Motives to the establishment of manufactures for distant sale, 504. How shifted from one country to another, 505. Natural circumstances which contribute to the establishment of them, 505–
6. Their effect on the government and manners of a country, 508. The independence of artisans explained, 512–13. May flourish amidst the ruin of a country, and begin to decay on the return of its prosperity, 21–2. Inquiry how far manufacturers might be affected by a freedom of trade, 45–6. Those thrown out of one business can transfer their industry to collateral employments, 46–7. A spirit of combination among them to support monopolies, 48. Manufacturers prohibited by old statutes from keeping a shop, or selling their own goods by retail, 108. The use of wholesale dealers to manufacturers, 111. British restraints on manufactures in North America, 160–63. The exportation of instruments in, prohibited, 163.
Manufacturers, an unproductive class of the people, according to the French agricultural system of political œconomy, 252. The error of this doctrine shewn, 260. How manufacturers augment the revenue of a country, 263. Why, the principal support of foreign trade, 266–7. Require a more extensive market than rude produce of the land, 268. Were exercised by slaves in ancient Greece, 270. High prices of, in Greece and at Rome, 271. False policy to check manufactures in order to promote agriculture,
273. In Great Britain why principally fixed in the