The Wilderness Warrior - Douglas Brinkley [518]
3. Fire Island Moose Reservation, Alaska—February 27, 1909.
4. National Bison Range, Montana—March 4, 1909.
NATIONAL PARKS CREATED BY THEODORE ROOSEVELT, 1901–1909
1. Crater Lake National Park, Oregon—May 22, 1902.
2. Wind Cave National Park, South Dakota—January 9, 1903.
3. Sullys Hill, North Dakota—June 2, 1904; became a national game preserve in 1914.
4. Platt National Park, Oklahoma—June 29, 1906; now part of Chickasaw National Recreation Area.
5. Mesa Verde National Park, Colorado—June 29, 1906.
6. Dry Tortugas National Park—saved as a federal bird reservation it became a national monument in 1935 and then a national park on October 26, 1992.
Theodore Roosevelt National Park, near Medora, North Dakota, was established in 1947 as a memorial to the great “conservationist president.” Located in the Badlands of western North Dakota, where T.R. was a cattle rancher in the 1880s, Theodore Roosevelt National Park consists of three units with a total of about 110 square miles.
NATIONAL MONUMENTS CREATED BY THEODORE ROOSEVELT, 1901–1909
1. Devils Tower, Wyoming, September 24, 1906
2. El Morro, New Mexico, December 8, 1906
3. Montezuma Castle, Arizona, December 8, 1906
4. Petrified Forest, Arizona, December 8, 1906 (became a national park in 1962)
5. Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, March 11, 1907
6. Lassen Peak, California, May 6, 1907 (became part of Lassen Volcanic National Park in 1916)
7. Cinder Cone, California, May 6, 1907 (became part of Lassen Volcanic National Park in 1916)
8. Gila Cliff Dwellings, New Mexico, November 16, 1907
9. Tonto, Arizona, December 19, 1907
10. Muir Woods, California, January 9, 1908
11. Grand Canyon, Arizona, January 11, 1908 (became an enlarged national park in 1919)
12. Pinnacles, California, January 16, 1908
13. Jewel Cave, South Dakota, February 7, 1908
14. Natural Bridges, Utah, April 16, 1908
15. Lewis and Clark, Montana, May 11, 1908 (later given to the Forest Service, in 1950)
16. Tumacacori, Arizona, September 15, 1908
17. Wheeler, Colorado, December 7, 1908 (transferred to the Forest Service in 1950)
18. Mount Olympus, Washington, March 2, 1909 (now part of Olympic National Park)
NOTES
* Unless otherwise noted all Theodore Roosevelt letters cited are at the Library of Congress and Harvard University. All will soon be available online courtesy of Dickinson State University’s Theodore Roosevelt Center in North Dakota.
PROLOGUE: “I So DECLARE IT”
1. Theodore Roosevelt’s America: Selections from the Writings of the Oyster Bay Naturalist (Greenwich, Conn.: Devin-Adair, 1955), p. xviii.
2. T.R. to Frank M. Chapman (March 22, 1899), quoted in Frank M. Chapman, Autobiography of a Bird Lover (New York: Appleton-Century, 1933).
3. Frank M. Chapman, “Birds and Bonnets,” Forest and Stream, Vol. 26, No. 5 (February 25, 1886), p. 84. (Letter to the editor.)
4. John T. Zimmer, “Frank Michler Chapman,” American Naturalist, Vol. 80, No. 793 (1945), p. 476.
5. For an explanation of early ornithologists’ museum strategies see Nancy Pick and Mark Sloan, The Rarest of the Rare: Stories Behind the Treasures at the Harvard Museum of Natural History (New York: HarperCollins, 2004).
6. Oliver H. Orr, Jr., Saving American Birds: T. Gilbert Pearson and the Founding of the Audubon Movement (Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1992), p. 74.
7. Williams R. Adams, “Florida Live Oak Farm of John Quincy Adams,” Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 51 (1972), pp. 129–147. Adams’s preserve is now called the Naval Live Oaks–Gulf Islands National Seashore.
8. John F. Reiger, American Sportsmen and the Origins of Conservation, 3rd ed. (Corvallis: Oregon State University Press, 2001), pp. 5–7.
9. George Catlin, North American Indians: Being Letters and Notes on their Manners, Customs, and Conditions, Written during Eight Years’ Travel Amongst the Wildest Tribes of Indians in North America, 1832–1839 (Philadelphia, Pa.: Leary, Stuart, 1913), pp. 294–295. Orig. published 1844.
10. Kathryn Hall Proby, Audubon in Florida (Coral Gables: University of Miami Press, 1974), p.