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dinner at the White House (Washington Evening Star, 2 Nov. 1901). Martin, James J. Hill, speculates: “It was time, Hill felt, to explain what the new railroad arrangements meant for the West they loved so much.” For Harriman’s and Morgan’s early relationship with TR and Hill, see Klein, Life and Legend, 361–63.

25 Perkins was the TR, Letters, vol. 3, 159–60.

26 “Perkins may just” Ibid., 159–60, 177.

27 MORGAN, HILL, AND Washington Evening Star, 13 Nov. 1901; New York Sun, 14 Nov. 1901.

28 The New York Journal 14 Nov. 1901.

29 “They are smoothing” Ibid.

30 “To me there is” George Perkins to TR, 15 Nov. 1901 (GWP).

31 In due course New York Sun, 15 Nov. 1902.

32 “Can I get some” Mark Hanna to George Perkins, 27 Nov. 1901 (GWP).

33 Lesser citizens Statistician and Economist (New York, 1901–1902); Baker, “Great Northern Pacific Deal.”

34 “Is it possible,” Baker, “Great Northern Pacific Deal.”

35 As if in answer New York Sun, 12 Nov. 1901.

36 “I see dynamite” Mark Hanna to TR, 10 Nov. 1901 (TRP).

37 He objected in TR, First Annual Message draft (TRP); Mark Hanna to TR, 10 Nov. 1901 (TRP). Elihu Root also took “serious exception” to this part of the Message. TR to St. Clair McKelway, 21 Nov. 1901 (TRP).

38 Other senators Message drafts in TRP; Orville H. Platt to TR, 13 Nov. 1901 (TRP); TR to Mark Hanna, 21 Nov. 1901 (TRP). Sample language deleted: “I am firmly of the belief that a law can be framed that will enable the National Government to exercise control over the trusts.… It should be treated … as an effort, not to destroy or disarrange business, but to continue the upbuilding of our interest on foundations of justice to all.… This Government must recognize the need of change.”

39 RESTRAINED AS HE Washington Evening Star, 15 Oct. 1901; World’s Work, Dec. 1901. See Wood, Roosevelt As We Knew Him, 473–74, on how the speed of TR’s reactions exasperated Philander Knox.

40 “Mr. President” Boston Transcript, 18 Nov. 1901. The Senator was William J. Deboe of Kentucky.

41 He would whirl George William Douglas, The Many-Sided Roosevelt: An Anecdotal Biography (New York, 1907), 249–56; Walter Hines Page in World’s Work, Dec. 1901. Both these accounts describe Roosevelt’s receptions in Nov. 1901. TR was then making an average of thirty appointments a day. One alone—for Collector of Customs in Fort Worth—generated twenty-eight pounds of documents. Washington Evening Star, 11 Nov. 1901.

42 Those other White Walter Hines Page in World’s Work, Dec. 1901; Chauncey M. Depew, My Memories of Eighty Years (New York, 1922), 169.

43 There were days Washington Evening Star, 23 Nov. 1901; Joseph Bucklin Bishop, Theodore Roosevelt and His Time: Shown in His Own Letters (New York, 1920), vol. 1, 156; James Morse diary, 24 Nov. 1901 (NYHS). See also L. T. Michener to Eugene Hay (copy in HKB).

44 “How many men” William Dudley Foulke, Fighting the Spoilsmen (New York, 1919), 55–56; The Cincinnati Enquirer, 25 Dec. 1901.

45 “In El Paso” Foulke, Fighting, 56.

46 ON 18 NOVEMBER See John A. S. Grenville, “Great Britain and the Isthmian Canal, 1898–1901,” American Historical Review 61 (Oct. 1955); New York Journal, 21–22 Nov. 1901; Miles P. DuVal, Cadiz to Cathay: The Story of the Long Struggle for a Waterway across the American Isthmus (Stanford, 1940), 154.

47 It was a big McCullough, Path Between the Seas, 262. See ibid., passim, for background to the Isthmian Canal situation in 1901.

48 “There are certain” Report of the Isthmian Canal Commission, 1899–1901, 58 Cong., 2 sess., 1904, S. Doc. 222, 174–75.

49 Minus that extra Maurice Hutin to TR, 30 Nov. 1901, and John G. Walker to TR, 6 Dec. 1901 (TRP). On 4 Nov., John Hay, a Nicaragua partisan, wrote to Luis F. Corea, that country’s Washington minister, warning him that “very powerful influences are at work against the Nicaragua Canal” (TD).

50 ROOSEVELT FINISHED John Hay to Joseph Bucklin Bishop, qu. in Bishop, Theodore Roosevelt, vol. 1, 160. Printing a Message to Congress was an innovation. TR saw no reason to perpetuate the laborious nineteenth-century custom of copying such

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