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documents in ornamental script. In a further break with tradition, he made galleys available to the press, under guarantees that the Message would be neither quoted nor summarized before it went to Congress. This gave editors plenty of time to typeset the text themselves, and TR’s Message was rewarded with five times as much comment as any had enjoyed before. TR also made sure that a summary of the Message was released to European journals. See First Annual Message box and Presidential scrapbook (TRP).

51 Twelve days still Washington Evening Star and New York Tribune, 23 Nov. 1901.

52 back in minnesota Hill qu. in Martin, James J. Hill, 510–11.

53 WHILE THE SYLPH Washington Evening Star, 25 Nov. 1901; The New York Times, 21 Nov. 1901. A copy of the latter article was sent to the White House. Presidential scrapbook (TRP).

54 The astrologist-author The New York Times, 21 Nov. 1901.

55 Although Roosevelt Ibid.

56 The President need Ibid.

57 The President, he Adams, Letters, vol. 5, 326; Thayer, Hay, vol. 2, 266.

58 Although Hay was John Hay to Mrs. Hay, 15 Nov. 1901 (WF).

CHAPTER 4: A MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT

1 On th’ wan “Mr. Dooley” qu. in Sullivan, Our Times, vol. 2, 411.

2 shortly before noon The Washington Post, 4 Dec. 1901.

3 Octavius L. Pruden Washington Evening Times, 3 Dec. 1901; New York Tribune, 4 Dec. 1901.

4 A Secret Service The practice of presidential addresses to Congress, as opposed to messages, had ended with John Adams, and would not be revived until 1913 by Woodrow Wilson.

5 Actually, the content Douglas, Many-Sided Roosevelt, 251.

6 Even so, Congress Washington Evening Times, 3 Dec. 1901.

7 “The Congress assembles” The following extracts from TR’s Message are taken from TR, Works, vol. 17, 93–160.

8 There was an “The sentence fell upon the House like a pall.” Washington Evening Times, 3 Dec. 1901.

9 “The wind is sowed” TR, Works, vol. 17, 97. TR later confirmed that he was alluding to William Randolph Hearst, yellow-press lord and perennial political candidate.

10 The House sat The word rapt is that of the New York World, 4 Dec. 1901. See also The New York Times, same date.

11 At this, the spell New York World, 4 Dec. 1901.

12 THE SENATE, in Washington Evening Times, 3 Dec. 1901.

13 For a quarter New York Sun and New York Herald, 4 Dec. 1901.

14 Mark Hanna sat Washington Evening Times, 4 Dec. 1901. See John A. Garraty, Henry Cabot Lodge: A Biography (New York, 1953), 220–22, for Lodge’s emotions during these early months of TR’s Presidency.

15 As Roosevelt swung New York World, 4 Dec. 1901.

16 SPOONER, AT FIFTY-EIGHT This profile is based on Walter Wellman, “Spooner of Wisconsin: A Sketch,” Review of Reviews, Aug. 1902; Thompson, Party Leaders, 47–51; Merrill, Republican Command, 32; O. O. Stealey, 130 Pen Pictures of Live Men (Washington, D.C., 1910); Peck, Twenty Years of the Republic, 426–31; Dorothy C. Fowler, John Coit Spooner, Defender of Presidents (New York, 1961), passim; and photographs in various publications.

17 He was equally See, e.g., Spooner versus Senator Benjamin R. Tillman in The Washington Post, 28 Jan. 1902.

18 But he had Wellman, “Spooner”; Merrill, Republican Command, 33–34, notes the corruption of Wisconsin politics in 1901. It was difficult at that time even for honest senators to escape the taint of corruption at home, since they were not directly elected, and served at the pleasure of state legislatures.

19 His perambulation New York World, 4 Dec. 1901.

20 “Allison could run” TR, Works, vol. 17, 103.

21 This legerdepied Merrill, Republican Command, 30–31.

22 Poised in his See, e.g., Leland L. Sage, William Boyd Allison: A Study in Practical Politics (Iowa City, 1956), 197, 250, 292, 294, 6; David J. Rothman, Politics and Power: The Senate, 1869–1901 (Cambridge, Mass., 1966), 47.

23 “All this is true” TR, Works, vol. 17, 104.

24 In the front Nathaniel W. Stephenson, Nelson W. Aldrich: A Leader in American Politics (New York, 1930), 136; Coolidge, Old-Fashioned Senator, 61.

25 There was something Coolidge, Old-Fashioned Senator, 65–67, 592;