Timeline - Michael Crichton [50]
They were silent. They just stared at him.
“It is important to be clear about this,” Gordon said. “The ITC technology has nothing to do with time travel, at least not directly. What we have developed is a form of space travel. To be precise, we use quantum technology to manipulate an orthogonal multiverse coordinate change.”
They looked at him blankly.
“It means,” Gordon said, “that we travel to another place in the multiverse.”
“And what’s the multiverse?” Kate said.
“The multiverse is the world defined by quantum mechanics. It means that—”
“Quantum mechanics?” Chris said. “What’s quantum mechanics?”
Gordon paused. “That’s fairly difficult. But since you’re historians,” he said, “let me try to explain it historically.”
:
“A hundred years ago,” Gordon said, “physicists understood that energy—like light or magnetism or electricity—took the form of continuously flowing waves. We still refer to ‘radio waves’ and ‘light waves.’ In fact, the recognition that all forms of energy shared this wavelike nature was one of the great achievements of nineteenth-century physics.
“But there was a small problem,” he said. It turned out that if you shined light on a metal plate, you got an electric current. The physicist Max Planck studied the relationship between the amount of light shining on the plate and the amount of electricity produced, and he concluded that energy wasn’t a continuous wave. Instead, energy seemed to be composed of individual units, which he called quanta. “The discovery that energy came in quanta was the start of quantum physics,” Gordon said.
“A few years later, Einstein showed that you could explain the photoelectric effect by assuming that light was composed of particles, which he called photons. These photons of light struck the metal plate and knocked off electrons, producing electricity. Mathematically, the equations worked. They fit the view that light consisted of particles. Okay so far?”
“Yes. . ..”
“And pretty soon, physicists began to realize that not only light, but all energy was composed of particles. In fact, all matter in the universe took the form of particles. Atoms were composed of heavy particles in the nucleus, light electrons buzzing around on the outside. So, according to the new thinking, everything is particles. Okay?”
“Okay. . ..”
“The particles are discrete units, or quanta. And the theory that describes how these particles behave is quantum theory. A major discovery of twentieth-century physics.”
They were all nodding.
“Physicists continue to study these particles, and begin to realize they’re very strange entities. You can’t be sure where they are, you can’t measure them exactly, and you can’t predict what they will do. Sometimes they behave like particles, sometimes like waves. Sometimes two particles will interact with each other even though they’re a million miles apart, with no connection between them. And so on. The theory is starting to seem extremely weird.
“Now, two things happen to quantum theory. The first is that it gets confirmed, over and over. It’s the most proven theory in the history of science. Supermarket scanners, lasers and computer chips all rely on quantum mechanics. So there is absolutely no doubt that quantum theory is the correct mathematical description of the universe.
“But the problem is, it’s only a mathematical description. It’s just a set of equations. And physicists couldn’t visualize the world that was implied by those equations—it was too weird, too contradictory. Einstein, for one, didn’t like that. He felt it meant the theory was flawed. But the theory kept getting confirmed, and the situation got worse and worse. Eventually,